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2025 Supreme(Ori) 766

ORISSA HIGH COURT : CUTTACK
ANANDA CHANDRA BEHERA, J.
Dibakar Naik @ Padhuria (dead) & Others - Appellants
Versus
Sri Nuduru @ Prafulla Mohanta & Others - Respondent 
S.A. No.215, 219 of 1987
Decided On : 24-09-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant :Mr. S.K. Dey, Advocate.
For the Respondents: Mr. G. Mohanty, Standing Counsel

The civil court lacks jurisdiction in matters concerning the adverse possession claim by non-tribals over tribal land, as per the Orissa Regulation, 1956.

Headnote:(A) Orissa Schedule Areas of Transfer of Immovable Property (by Schedule Tribes) Regulation, 1956 - The plaintiffs sought declaration, permanent injunction, and confirmation of possession over land owned through unregistered sale deeds, contending that they had perfected their title via adverse possession. The trial court ruled in their favor, but the appellate court held that statutory tribunal jurisdiction barred civil court intervention, indicating that non-tribals cannot acquire title to tribal lands. (Paras 15, 16, 18, 20)

(B) Civil Procedure - The jurisdiction of the civil court is limited when statutory provisions exist, specifically relating to land disputes involving scheduled tribes. (Paras 13, 15)

Facts of the case:
The appellants, defendant Nos.3 to 9, appealed against the judgment affirming the plaintiffs' possession over the disputed land, originally belonging to the plaintiffs' father, challenging the legality of eviction orders issued by the S.D.O. under tribal regulations.

Findings of Court:
The court found the original eviction order valid, confirming that the civil suit was not maintainable because the plaintiffs were non-tribals seeking title over tribal land.

Issues: The key issues concerned civil court jurisdiction in light of specific regulations barring non-tribals from claiming adverse possession over tribal land.

Ratio Decidendi: The court underscored that the jurisdiction of civil courts is expressly barred in such cases, and non-tribals cannot claim rights to tribal properties, reaffirming the applicability of special laws in this context.

Result: Appeals allowed; the lower court's judgments set aside, and the plaintiffs' suit dismissed.

Table of Content
1. factual background of the case (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. issues framed and arguments presented (Para 6 , 7)
3. court's analysis based on evidence and precedents (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 16)
4. established legal ratios prohibiting plaintiffs' claims (Para 15)
5. final judgment and dismissal of the plaintiffs' suit (Para 17 , 18 , 19 , 20)

JUDGMENT :

ANANDA CHANDRA BEHERA, J.

1. Since both the 2nd Appeals have arisen out of an analogous Judgment passed in T.A. Nos.5 & 6 of 1986 in connection with one suit vide T.S. No.15 of 1982-I, then, both the 2nd Appeals are taken up together analogously for their final adjudication through this common Judgment.

2. S.A.No.215 of 1987-:

The appellants and respondent Nos.7 to 9 in this 2nd Appeal were the defendant Nos.3 to 9 before Trial Court in the suit vide T.S. No.15/1982-I and respondent Nos.3 to 9 before the 1st Appellate Court in the 1st Appeal vide T.A. No.6/1986.

The respondent Nos.1 to 4 in this 2nd Appeal were the plaintiffs before the Trial Court in the suit vide T.S. No.15/1982-I and appellants before the 1st Appellate Court in the 1st Appeal vide T.A. No.6/1986.

The respondent Nos.5 and 6 in this 2nd Appeal were the defendant Nos.1 and 2 before the Trial Court in the suit vide T.S. No.15/1982-I and respondent Nos.1 and 2 before the First Appellate Court in the 1st Appeal vide T.A. No.6/1986.

S.A.No.219 of 1987-:

The appellants and respondent Nos.7 to 11 in this 2nd Appeal were the defendant Nos.3 to 9 before the Trial Court in the suit vide T.S. No.15/1982-I and appellant Nos.1 and 2 along with respondent Nos.7 to 11 before the 1st Appellate Court in the 1st Appeal vide T.A. No.5/1986.

The respondent Nos.1 to 4 in this 2nd Appeal were the plaintiffs before the Trial Court in the suit vide T.S. No.15/1982-I and respondent Nos.1 to 4 before the 1st Appellate Court in the 1st Appeal vide T.A. No.5/1986.

The respondent Nos.5 and 6 in this 2nd Appeal were the defendant Nos.1 and 2 before the Trial Court in the suit vide T.S. No.15/1982-I and respondent Nos.5 and 6 before the 1st Appellate Court in the 1st Appeal vide T.A. No.5/1986.

3. The suit of the plaintiffs i.e. Nuadru @ Prafulla Chandra Mohanta, Padma Charan Mohanta, Laxmidhar Mohanta & Bipati Bewa vide T.S. No.15/1982-I against the defendants (State of Orissa, S.D.O, Panchpir, Dibakar, Bipin, Niranjan, Duryadhan, Gouri, Pada and Aiban) was a suit for declaration, permanent injunction and confirmation of possession in respect of the suit properties described in the schedule of the plaint vide T.S. No.15/1982-I.

4. According to plaintiffs case, the suit properties vide Plot Nos.697 & 698 originally belong to the predecessors of the defendant Nos.3 to 9, to which, the father of the plaintiff Nos.1 to 3 i.e. Haradhan Mohanta had purchased through unregistered sale deeds. As such, the father of the plaintiff Nos.1 to 3 i.e. Haradhan Mohanta was the exclusive owner and in possession over suit plot Nos.697 and 698.

When Haradhan Mohanta was the exclusive owner and in possession over suit plot Nos.697 & 698, a Revenue Misc. Case vide Revenue Misc. Case No.87/1976 was initiated against him by the defendant No.2 (S.D.O Panchpir) in respect of suit plot Nos.697 & 698 illegally and arbitrarily. An order of eviction was also passed in that Revenue Misc. Case No.87/1976 by the defendant No.2 (S.D.O Panchpir) on dated 28.11.1979 for eviction of the father of the plaintiff Nos.1 to 3 (Haradhan Mohanta) from the suit plot Nos.697 & 698 and the father of the plaintiff Nos.1 to 3 was directed to pay penalty of Rs.115/- to defendant Nos.3 to 9 for his unauthorized occupation of the suit plot Nos.697 & 698 in contravention to the provisions of Section 3(1) of the Regulation 2 of 1956, because, the defendant Nos.3 to 9 belong to Schedule Tribe Community, but the father of the plaintiffs as well as the plaintiffs belong to General Caste Community.

The father of the plaintiff Nos.1 to 3 (Haradhan Mohanta) challenged to the said order

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