IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH
Alka Sarin, J.
Sukhdev Singh & Ors. – Appellants
Versus
Jaswinder Kaur – Respondent
CR-432-2019 (O&M)
Decided On : 17-08-2022
DNA Test - Parentage Dispute - [Article 227, Constitution of India] - [Section 112, Evidence Act] - The court dismissed the defendant-petitioners' application for DNA test to ascertain the parentage of the plaintiff-respondent, holding that the burden of proof lies on the litigating party and a DNA test cannot be ordered as a matter of course. The court relied on the principles established in Ashok Kumar vs. Raj Gupta & Ors. and emphasized the need for a strong prima facie case before ordering a DNA test. The court also considered the right to privacy and the potential societal repercussions of ordering a DNA test.
Fact of the Case:
The plaintiff-respondent filed a suit claiming ownership of a share of land and joint possession, asserting to be the daughter of Sukhdev Singh and Jeet Kaur. The defendant-petitioners sought a DNA test to ascertain the parentage of the plaintiff-respondent.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the defendant-petitioners failed to establish a strong prima facie case for ordering a DNA test and emphasized that the burden of proof lies on the litigating party. The court dismissed the revision petition, holding that the Trial Court did not err in dismissing the application for DNA test.
Issues: Dispute over parentage, admissibility of DNA test, right to privacy, burden of proof
Ratio Decidendi: A DNA test cannot be ordered as a matter of course and must be based on a strong prima facie case. The burden of proof lies on the litigating party. The court must consider the right to privacy and societal repercussions before ordering a DNA test.
Final Decision: The civil revision petition is dismissed, and pending applications are disposed of. The decision of the Trial Court in dismissing the application for DNA test is upheld.
JUDGMENT
Alka Sarin, J. - The present revision petition has been filed under Article 227 of the Constitution of India challenging the order dated 08.12.2018 (Annexure P-9) whereby the Trial Court has dismissed the application filed by the defendant-petitioners for issuing a direction to the plaintiff-respondent to supply her blood sample for getting her DNA test conducted and getting the same compared with the blood samples of the defendant-petitioners for ascertaining the parentage of the plaintiff-respondent.
2. The brief facts relevant to the present lis, as available from the paperbook and from the website of the District Court, are that the plaintiff- respondent filed a suit for declaration that she is owner to the extent of 1/4th share out of the land of Jeet Kaur w/o Sukhdev Singh and also for joint possession of the 1/4th share and for permanent injunction. The plaintiff- respondent averred that she was the daughter of Sukhdev Singh and Jeet Kaur while Jeet Kaur had expired on 19.10.1983. The defendants in this suit were Sukhdev Singh and the defendant-petitioners (sons of Sukhdev Singh). In their written statement dated 08.11.2013, Sukhdev Singh and the defendant-petitioners inter-alia denied that the plaintiff-respondent was the daughter of Sukhdev Singh and Jeet Kaur.
3. On 12.03.2014 the Trial Court framed the following issues :
1. Whether plaintiff is entitled for declaration as prayed for.
2. Whether plaintiff is entitled for joint possession as prayed for ? OPP
3. Whether plaintiff is entitled for permanent injunction as prayed for ? OPP
4. Whether suit of plaintiff is not maintainable ? OPD
5. Whether plaintiff has no locus standi to file present suit ? OPD
6. Whether plaintiff is estopped from filing present suit due to her own act, conduct ? OPD
7. Whether plaintiff has not come to the court with clean hands ? OPD
8. Whether suit of plaintiff is time barred ? OPD
9. Whether plaintiff has concealed material facts from the court ? OPD
10. Relief.
4. The plaintiff-respondent led her evidence, which was then closed on 01.07.2016. On 29.07.2016 Sukhdev Singh and the defendant- petitioners (sons of Sukhdev Singh) moved an application for directing the plaintiff-respondent to get her DNA test conducted. This application was contested by the plaintiff-respondent and vide order dated 23.11.2016 the Trial Court dismissed the said application. Sukhdev Singh and the defendant-petitioners (sons of Sukhdev Singh) filed CR-103-2017 in this Court against the order dated 23.11.2016. During the pendency of CR-103- 2017 Sukhdev Singh died and on 27.07.2018 the said CR-103-2017 was dismissed as withdrawn and the following order was passed :
'1. At the very outset, learned counsel for the petitioner states that petitioner No.1-Sukhdev Singh has died during pendency of the present revision petition, therefore, this revision petition has become infructuous as DNA profile of petitioner No.1 was in issue.
2. Learned counsel for the petitioner seeks withdrawal of the present petition with a liberty to the son of the petitioner namely Sukhwinder Singh to file similar application before the trial Court.
3. Dismissed as withdrawn with the liberty aforesaid.
4. In the event of doing so, the same may be decided in accordance with law.'
5. On 17.08.2018 the defendant-petitioners filed two applications before the Trial Court - one for bringing on record the defendant-petitioners as LRs of Sukhdev Singh, and second for issuance of directions to the plaintiff-respondent to get her DNA test conducted by giving the necessary samples of blood and getting the same compared with the blood samples of the defendant-petitioners for ascertaining the parentage of the plaintiff- respondent. The plaintiff-respondent contested the application regarding her DNA test and filed a reply. Vide impugned order dated 08.12.2018 the Trial Court dismissed the application. Hence, the present revision petition.
6. Learned counsel for the defendant-petitioners has contended that the Trial
Ashok Kumar vs. Raj Gupta & Ors. 2022 (1) SCC 20
Banarsi Dass vs. Teeku Dutta Banarsi Dass vs. Teeku Dutta
Bhabani Prasad Jena vs. Orissa State Commission for Women
Dipanwita Roy vs. Ronobroto Roy
Goutam Kundu vs. State of W.B.
Goutam Kundu vs. State of West Bengal & Anr. 1993 (3) SCC 418
K.S. Puttaswamy (Aadhaar-5 J.) vs. Union of India
Nandlal Wasudeo Badwaik vs. Lata Nandlal Badwaik & Anr. 2014 (1) RCR(Civ) 760
Rohit Shekhar vs. Narayan Dutt Tiwari & Anr. 2012 (2) RCR(Civ) 1011
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