PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT AT CHANDIGARH
Sukhvinder Kaur, J.
Iffco Tokio General Insurance Company – Appellant
Versus
Smt. Prem Devi & Ors. – Respondents
FAO No. 6720 No. 2023 (O&M)
Decided on : 24-01-2024
Motor Vehicles Act - Motor Accident Claims - Sections 166, 140 - The court discussed the provisions of Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, which deals with the procedure for making a claim for compensation, and Section 140, which deals with the liability to pay compensation in certain cases for the death of a person. The court also referred to the burden of proof on claimants in motor vehicle accident claims cases and the standard of proof required to establish rash and negligent driving. The court highlighted the importance of evidence such as eyewitness testimony, police reports, and the non-appearance of the driver as a witness in establishing liability for the accident.
Fact of the Case:
The case involved a motor vehicle accident resulting in the death of Sandeep. The claimants sought compensation under Sections 166 and 140 of the Motor Vehicles Act. The tribunal found that the accident was caused by the rash and negligent driving of the offending vehicle by respondent No.1.
Finding of the Court:
The court upheld the tribunal's finding that the accident was caused by the rash and negligent driving of respondent No.1. It emphasized the importance of evidence such as eyewitness testimony and police reports in establishing liability for the accident.
Issues: The issues framed included the cause of the accident, the amount of compensation, the validity of the driver's license, and the violation of insurance policy terms and conditions.
Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the burden of proof on claimants in motor vehicle accident claims cases is not as heavy as that required to prove a criminal charge for rash and negligent driving. It emphasized the significance of evidence such as eyewitness testimony, police reports, and the non-appearance of the driver as a witness in establishing liability for the accident.
Final Decision: The appeal by the Insurance Company was dismissed, and the tribunal's award of compensation was upheld.
JUDGMENT
Sukhvinder Kaur, J.
By way of this appeal, the appellant-Insurance Company has challenged the award dated 03.08.2023 passed by learned Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, Narnaul, vide which the claim petition titled as Prem Devi and another Vs. Devender and others, filed under Sections 166 and 140 of the Motor Vehicles Act was partly allowed and compensation of Rs. 10,10,000/- alongwith interest @ 6% per annum was awarded.
2. Brief facts of the case are that on 18.03.2021 Sandeep (since deceased) was coming to his house after taking household articles and at about 7.00 P.M., when he reached in front of Housing Board Colony on Kacha Path, a tractor bearing registration No.HR-82/9454 came at a very fast speed being driven by respondent No.1 in rash and negligent manner and hit Sandeep from the backside. Resultantly, he fell down and sustained grievous injuries. He was taken to Civil Hospital, Narnaul, where doctors declared him as dead. After reporting of the matter to the police, a criminal case under Sections 279 and 304-A IPC was registered vide FIR No.221 dated 18.03.2021 at Police Station, City Narnaul. The claimants claimed Rs. 50,00,000/- as compensation alongwith interest @ 18% per annum from the respondents qua death of Sandeep.
3. The said claim petition was contested by respondent No.3/ the present appellant and respondents No.1 and 2 in the said case and they filed their respective written statements.
4. From the pleadings of the parties following issues were framed:-
2. If issue No.1 is proved, to what amount of compensation and from whom the petitioners are entitled? OPP
3. Whether respondent No.1 did not hold a valid and effective driving licence at the time of accident and whether the terms and conditions of the insurance policy stood violated? OPR
4. Relief.
5. To prove their case, claimant No.2 Naresh Kumar appeared as PW1 and claimants also examined Sanjay son of Bahadur Singh eyewitness as PW2. Thereafter, the claimants closed their evidence after tendering following documents :-
| Ex.P1 | Copy of FIR |
| Ex.P2 | Certified copy of report under Section 173 Cr.P.C. |
| Ex.P3 | Copy of PMR |
| Ex.P4 | Copy of notice under Section 133 of MV Act |
| Ex.P5 | Copy of DL |
| Ex.P6 | Copy of RC |
| Ex.P7 | Copy of insurance policy |
6. To rebut the evidence of the claimants, respondents No.1 and 2 did not examine any witness and closed their evidence after tendering following documents:-
| Ex.R11 | Copy of DL |
| Ex.R12 | Certified copy of RC |
| Ex.R13 | Certified copy of insurance policy |
7. Appellant-Insurance Company closed the evidence in the said petition after tendering following documents:-
| Ex.R1 | Certified copy of statement under Section 161 Cr.P.C. |
| Ex.R2 | Certified copy of statement of Ravi under Section 161 Cr.P.C. |
| Ex.R3 | Certified copy of statement of Sanjay under Section 161 Cr.P.C. |
| Ex.R4 | Certified copy of motor mechanic report |
| Ex.R5 | Copy of DL report |
| Ex.R6 | Copy of RC history |
| Ex.R7 | Copy of insurance policy |
| Ex.R8 | Copy of legal notice |
| Ex.R9 | Copy of legal notice |
| Ex.R10 & 11 | RC reports |
8. The learned Tribunal on the basis of the evidence brought on record came to the conclusion that the accident in which Sandeep lost his life was caused due to the rash and negligent driving of the offending vehicle by respondent No.1 (driver) in the said petition.
9. The learned Tribunal by further taking into account that deceased was 13 years of age at the time of his death and was student of 7th standard, assessed notional income of the deceased to be Rs. 50,000/- per annum. An amount of Rs. 15,000/- was awarded towards funeral expenses and Rs. 15,000/- were awarded towards loss of
In motor accident cases, the standard of proof required is preponderance of probabilities, and the court must take a holistic view of evidence to infer culpability from reasonable circumstances.
Motor vehicles - Contributory negligence - Initial onus to prove rash and negligent driving of the driver of the truck rested on the claimants.
Standard of proof for convicting a person for rash and negligent driving in a criminal case differs from standard of proof required for fastening civil liability as in criminal proceedings.
Insurance companies are liable for compensation in cases of fatal accidents if the policy was active and negligence is established, following appropriate legal guidelines for loss assessment.
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