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2021 Supreme(P&H) 1745

IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH
Rajbir Sehrawat, J.
Thakur Dawara & Anr. – Appellants
Versus
Balvir Kaur & Ors. – Respondents
CR No. 5301 of 2019
Decided On : 08-11-2021

Advocates appeared:
For the Parties :Mr. Shamsher Singh Gill, Mr. G.S. Punia Senior, Advocate, Ms. Harveen Kaur

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 227 - Indian Evidence Act - Section 63 - Revision petition for leading secondary evidence - Plaintiffs sought to introduce a photostat copy of a High Court order after the original was lost and the record was destroyed by fire - Court upheld the admissibility of the photocopy as secondary evidence under the Act - Previous litigation relevance upheld. (Paras 1, 5)

(B) Evidence - Certified copies - Court clarified that certified copies are admissible per se in evidence and emphasized the importance of considering their evidentiary status when original documents are unavailable - The trial court's failure to recognize this was a legal error. (Paras 5, 6)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiffs filed for declaration of entries in revenue record as null against the defendants, claiming ownership of suit property, citing a past favorable decree after a previous suit on the same issue. The certified copy of the earlier decree was lost, and a photocopy was sought to be admitted as secondary evidence. (Paras 2, 4)

Findings of Court:
The court allowed the petitioners to lead the photocopy of the certified order as secondary evidence, setting aside the trial court's order. (Paras 5, 7)

Issues: The main issues were the admissibility of a photocopy as secondary evidence when the original has been lost and whether the earlier decree's relevance was properly considered. (Paras 2, 5)

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that the loss of an original document due to fire allows for secondary evidence to be admissible, affirming that a certified copy retains its evidentiary value and must be treated as equivalent to the original under the Indian Evidence Act. (Paras 5, 6)

Result: Petition allowed.

Table of Content
1. revision petition facts. (Para 1 , 2)
2. arguments on admissibility of evidence. (Para 3 , 4)
3. court's reasoning on secondary evidence. (Para 5 , 6)
4. order allowing secondary evidence. (Para 7)

Judgment

Mr. Rajbir Sehrawat, J.

The petitioners have filed this revision petition under Article 227 of the Constitution of India for setting aside order dated 24.07.2019 (Annexure P-7) passed by the Civil Judge (Junior Division), Amloh, whereby their application for leading secondary evidence has been dismissed.

2. The facts leading to the filing of the present petition are; that the petitioners-plaintiffs filed a suit for declaration of entries in the revenue record in favour of the respondents as null and void, claiming that the petitioners-plaintiffs are the owners in possession of suit property. Amongst other, one of the ground taken by the plaintiffs is that earlier also, the earlier Mahant of the plaintiffs-Thakur Dawara had filed a suit for possession against the predecessors-in-interest of some of the present respondents. That suit was decreed in favour of the present petitioners-plaintiffs. The said decree was upheld by the appellate court in that case. A Regular Second Appeal No. 3544 of 1985 titled as Sant Singh & another versus Dev Raj & another, was also preferred by the defendants of that suit; before this court. However, that regular second appeal (RSA) was also dismissed by the High Court vide order dated 20.12.1985. It is the case of the plaintiffs-petitioners that the certified copy of the said order passed by the High Court in RSA was available with the plaintiffs, however, the same has been lost. But the photocopy of the certified copy of that order passed by the High Court is available with them. An application was earlier moved for leading the additional evidence which was permitted by the trial court vide order dated 07.05.2019. Although, leading of additional evidence was permitted by the trial court, however, when the petitioners sought permission to lead the copy of the above said order of High Court passed in RSA No.3544 of 1985, by way of secondary evidence, the permission to lead secondary evidence has been declined to the petitioners-plaintiffs vide order dated 24.07.2019. It is against that order passed by the trial court that the present petition has been filed.

3. Arguing the case on behalf of the petitioners, it is submitted by the counsel that proceedings of the regular second appeal, qua which the document is sought to be produced by way of secondary evidence, was between the same parties or their predecessor-in-interest or their immediate family members. Earlier the litigation was with two sons of Gurdial Singh including Sant Singh, who was defendant in the present suit as well. Subsequently, the Patwari, in collusion with LRs of one of those sons and the other sons of Gurdial Singh, changed the entries in the revenue record in their favour. Hence, the present suit had become necessary and the same was filed against family members of Gurdial Singh. Therefore, the order passed in RSA is relevant for the adjudication of the present suit as well. The counsel has further submitted that the certified copy of the judgments of the Trial court and the appellate court in the earlier proceedings have duly been led in evidence before the trial court. It is only the order passed by this court in the RSA arising from those proceedings which the petitioners are praying to lead in evidence. The certified copy of the judgment/order passed by the High Court is otherwise admissible in evidence per se. Earlier the petitioners were having the certified copy of the order of the High Court passed in RSA. However, the same was lost and only photostat copy of the same was left with the petitioners. The petitioners applied to the High Court to get the certified copy again. However, the office of the High Court did not supply the same, rather gave to the petitioners in writing that the record of the said RSA

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