The Council of Ministers continues to function after the dissolution of the Legislative Assembly to aid and advise the Governor, as mandated by the Constitution.

( 1 ) ON 15-5-1991 while dismissing the writ petition we directed that the reasons or dismissal of the writ petition will be given later on. We are accordingly giving the reasons for our judgment in this writ petition.

( 2 ) BY means of this writ petition under Art. 226 of the Constitution the petitioner who is a citizen of India and claims to be a freedom fighter has questioned the continuance of Sri Mulayam Singh Yadav as a Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and his Council of Ministers. It is prayed that a writ of quo-warranto be issued to Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav to show cause under what authority he purports to act as Chief Minister of State of U. P. and further to oust him from the office of Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh as he has no constitutional authority to hold the said office and function as such.

( 3 ) IT is not disputed that Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav was appointed by the Governor as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and on his advice the Council of Ministers were appointed. Subsequently on the advice of the Chief Minister the Governor of U. P. dissolved the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh and fresh poll for constituting the Legislative Assembly was ordered.

( 4 ) THE argument advanced on behalf of the petitioner is that after the Legislative Assembly is dissolved, the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers cease to continue and in the present situation the President ought to have promulgated President Rule in the State of Uttar Pradesh under Art. 356 of the Constitution of India.

( 5 ) AFTER hearing the learned counsel we find that the argument advanced has no merit. Part VI of the Constitution of India deals with the provisions relating to the States of Union of India. Art. 154 (i) provides that the executive power of the State shall vest in the Governor and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution. Art. 155 of the Constitution lays down that the Governor shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal. Art. 163 (1) provides that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of his functions, except in so far as he is by or under this Constitution required to exercise his functions or any of them in his discretion. Art. 164 (1) of the Constitution further provides that the Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Minister shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister, and the Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor. The relevant article on which emphasis has been laid on behalf of the petitioner is Cl. (2) of Art. 164 of the Constitution which provides that the Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly of the State.

( 6 ) THE argument in nut shell is that once State Legislative Assembly is dissolved, the Council of Ministers cannot be made responsible to the Legislative Assembly and, therefore, it ceases to function. No doubt under Art. 164 (2) of the Constitution the Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head is required to enjoy the confidence of Legislative Assembly when the Legislative Assembly is in existence and has not been dissolved. A situation may arise when the Legislative Assembly is dissolved and in such a case the Council of Ministers cannot possibly enjoy the confidence of Legislative Assembly. If the contention of the petitioner is accepted, the question arises who is going to aid and advise the Governor of State. As noticed earlier executive power of the State vests in the Governor of the State but the Governor cannot exercise executive power without aid and advice of the Council of Ministers which is mandatory in form and therefore, we have to give a harmonious construction of Arts. 154, 163 and 164 of the Constitution and by giving such interpretation we are of the opinion that