( 1 ) THESE four connected appeals are directed against the decree passed by our brother Oak in exercise of the original civil jurisdiction of this Court in three consolidated suits. The three suits relate to the Hindi Sahitya Sammelan which is a body registered under the Societies Registration act (No. XXI of 1860) and is hereinafter referred to as the Sammelan. It was constituted several decades ago for the purpose of promoting Hindi language and to develop Hindi literature. In the year 1946 certain rules were framed for the management of the affairs of the Sammelan. With the prospects of Hindi being recognised as the national language of India in the Constitution it was felt by a large section of the Sammelan that it had become necessary to introduce fundamental changes In the objects, programme and the constitution of the Sammelan. The annual session of the Sammelan for the year 1949 was held in December of that year at hyderabad and there a resolution was passed appointing a committee of twenty one members for drafting a new constitution or set of rules for the Sammelan in order to make it fully representative of all the Hindi regions of the country. The reso