HIGH COURT OF ALLAHABAD
TARUN AGARWALA
Manjoor Ali
Versus
Kishmat Ali
S.A. 1669 of 1988
Decided On : 24 March 2004
S. A. 1669 Of 1988
Presumption - Sale Deed - Indian Evidence Act 1872, Sections 90, 90-A - The court discussed the provisions of Sections 90 and 90-A of the Indian Evidence Act 1872, as amended by U. P. Act no. 24 of 1954, and their applicability to the certified copy of the sale deed dated 16-5-1933. The court held that the presumption under Section 90 of the Act was not available on the copy of the sale deed, as the plaintiff failed to lay the foundation for admission of the secondary evidence by proving the loss or destruction of the original document. The court also emphasized the need for exercising caution in applying the rule of presumption, especially when circumstances throw suspicion on the genuineness of a document.
Fact of the Case:
The plaintiff filed a suit for permanent injunction against the defendants, claiming ownership and possession of a disputed land based on a sale deed dated 16-5-1933. The trial court and appellate court dismissed the suit, finding that the plaintiffs were not the owners of the land in dispute and were not entitled to the relief of a permanent injunction. The courts also found that the sale deed did not confer any right upon the plaintiffs.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the presumption under Section 90 of the Indian Evidence Act was not available on the copy of the sale deed, as the plaintiff failed to lay the foundation for admission of the secondary evidence by proving the loss or destruction of the original document. The court also upheld the concurrent findings of fact by the lower courts that the sale deed did not confer any right upon the plaintiffs.
Issues: The issues involved the ownership and possession of the disputed land, the applicability of the provisions of Sections 90 and 90-A of the Indian Evidence Act to the certified copy of the sale deed, and the validity of the sale deed in conferring rights upon the plaintiffs.
Ratio Decidendi: The court's decision was based on the failure of the plaintiff to establish the presumption under Section 90 of the Indian Evidence Act due to the lack of foundation for admission of the secondary evidence. The court also relied on the concurrent findings of fact by the lower courts regarding the ownership and possession of the disputed land and the validity of the sale deed.
Final Decision: The second appeal was dismissed, upholding the findings of the lower courts, and no order was made as to costs.
( 2 ) THE defendant 1st set contested the suit contending that the plaintiffs were never in possession of the land in dispute. The names of the plaintiffs were never recorded in the revenue records on the basis of the sale deed. The house in dispute did not belong to Mst. Maida and her name was never recorded in the village records. The defendant further contended that he had purchased one half pai share of Mst. Maida vide sale deed dated 24-8-1928 and inherited one pai share before the enactment of U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act. The defendant also claimed that he had purchased the share of the daughters of Mst. Maida and was in possession of the disputed land for more than 12 years and that the sale deed filed by the plaintiff did not show that the house belonged to Mst. Maida. It was also alleged that the claim of the plaintiffs was liable to be rejected in view of the decision of Deputy Director of Consolidation dated 14-1-1972 in consolidation proceedings.
( 3 ) THE defendant 2nd set stated that salim had acquired the disputed land after paying a Nazrana and that they are in possession of the land in question and that no house of Mst. Maida existed on the disputed land and that the sale deed is a forged document. The trial Court after framing the issues and recording the evidence dismissed the suit of the plaintiff holding that the plaintiffs are not the owners of the land in dispute nor were they in possession of it and therefore the plaintiffs were not entitled to the relief of a permanent injunction. The trial court further found that no action was taken by the plaintiffs or their father to get their names mutated in the revenue records on the basis of the sale deed nor were the plaintiffs in possession of it. The trial court further found that the defendant was not in exclusive possession of the land in dispute.
( 4 ) THE appellate Court also come to the same conclusion and dismissed the appeal of the plaintiffs with costs. The appellate court held that the name of Mst. Maida did not exist in the revenue records and therefore, Mst. Maida had no right to sell the plot to the plaintiffs father. The sale deed dated 16-5-1933 did not confer any right upon the plaintiffs father or upon the plaintiffs. The appellate Court further held that the disputed sale deed did not indicate the exact share of Mst. Maida or the portion of the disputed house that was being sold. The appellate Court held that the plaintiffs could not prove that the disputed house was owned by Mst. Maida. The appellate Court further held that since the original sale deed was not filed, the presumption envisaged under Section 90 of the Evidence Act to the extent that the sale deed was validly executed, being a document more than 20 years also, would not apply in view of Section 90-A (2) of the Evidence Act, which states that the presumption about the validity of the document shall not be made in respect of a document which is the basis of a suit and is relied upon in the plaint. The appellate Court held that proper execution of the sale deed had not been proved by the plaintiffs. The appellate
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