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1954 Supreme(All) 232

HIGH COURT OF ALLAHBAD
MOOTHAM, AGARWALA, V. BHARGAVA, M. L. CHATURVEDI, MULLA, JJ.
Azmat Ullah
Versus
Custodian, Evacuee Property, U.P.
Civil Misc. Appln. (O.J.) No.21 of 1953
Decided On : 21-12-1954

Advocates:
N. Banerji and Suraj Mohan Dayal, for Applicants; G.T. Wadhwani and S.S. Dhavan, for Opposite Party.

Headnote:

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW - WRIT OF MANDAMUS - JURISDICTION - HIGH COURT - CANNOT ISSUE WRIT OF MANDAMUS TO OFFICER WITHIN ITS JURISDICTION TO TREAT AS NULLITY ORDER MADE BY AUTHORITY OUTSIDE ITS JURISDICTION.

Fact of the Case:

Petitioners claimed to be sub-tenants of evacuee property and were allowed to remain in possession by the Assistant Custodian. The Assistant Custodian later formed the opinion that the petitioners' claim was fictitious and ordered their eviction. The petitioners filed revision applications before the Additional Custodian, who allowed the applications and restored possession to the petitioners. The Custodian General quashed the order of the Additional Custodian and restored the orders of the Deputy Custodian. The petitioners filed a petition in the High Court under Art. 226 of the Constitution seeking a writ of mandamus to quash the order of the Custodian General and a direction to the Custodian to issue a proper notice under S. 8(4) of the Evacuee Property Act.

Finding of the Court:

The High Court held that it did not have jurisdiction to issue a writ of mandamus to the Custodian of Evacuee Property, U.P. commanding him not to give effect to or to treat as a nullity a quasi-judicial order made by the Custodian General so long as that order was a valid and subsisting order.

Issues: Whether the High Court can issue a writ of mandamus to an officer within its jurisdiction to treat as a nullity an order made by an authority outside its jurisdiction.

Ratio Decidendi: The High Court cannot issue a writ of mandamus to an officer within its jurisdiction to treat as a nullity an order made by an authority outside its jurisdiction because: (i) the High Court has no jurisdiction to quash the order of the authority outside its jurisdiction; (ii) the High Court cannot do indirectly what it cannot do directly; and (iii) the High Court must deem the order of the authority outside its jurisdiction to be a valid order until it is quashed or set aside by a competent court.

Final Decision: The petition was dismissed.

Judgement

MOOTHAM, C. J.:- The following question has been referred to a Full Bench by two learned Judges of this Court:

"Where the relief claimed is a writ of mandamus relating to property situated within the jurisdiction of one High Court directed to an officer residing within the jurisdiction of that Court and it was that officer who and whose subordinates, also residing within the jurisdiction of the same High Court, originally passed the orders complained of but the writ cannot issue without setting aside, in exercise of the power of certiorari, the order passed in appeal or revision by an authority residing outside the jurisdiction of that High Court and within the jurisdiction of another High Court, which is the High Court competent under Art.226 of the Constitution to issue the writ?"

2. It is necessary to state shortly the circumstances in which the reference has been made. On 3-9-1949, the Deputy Custodian of Evacuee Property, Gonda, in the exercise of powers vested in him under the United Provinces Administration of Evacuee Property Ordinance, 1949, declared certain persons to be evacuees and their property to be evacuee property. The petitioners now before this Court claimed to be sub-tenants of the evacuee, and they were allowed by the Assistant Custodian to remain in possession of the property upon the first petitioner being appointed supurddar. The Assistant Custodian subsequently formed the opinion that the petitioners claim to be sub-tenants was fictitious, and he made a report to that effect to the Deputy Custodian who, on 10-5-1952, passed two orders directing that the petitioners be evicted from the property and that the latter be allotted to certain other persons.

Against these orders applications in revision were filed by the petitioners before the Additional Custodian it being asserted on their behalf that they had not been afforded an opportunity of contesting the notice of surrender served upon them under S.8, Administration of Evacuee Property Act, 1950 (which had replaced the original Ordinance) read with R.8 of the Rules made under the Act. By an order dated 29-7-1952, both applications were allowed. The orders of 10-5-1952, were set aside, and the Additional Custodian directed possession of the property to be restored to the petitioners. The matter then went to the Custodian General who, by an order dated 21-11-1952, made in exercise of his powers under S.27 of the Act, quashed the order of the Additional Custodian and restored the two orders of the Deputy Custodian dated 10-5-1952.

3. The petitioners thereupon filed a petition in this Court under Art.226 of the Constitution. The only person made the respondent to the petition was "The Custodian, Evacuee Property, U.P., Lucknow", and the prayer was that a

"Writ, direction or order of the nature of mandamus, prohibition or certiorari or any of these may be issued, quashing the order of the learned Custodian General so far as it relates to applicants, and a direction be issued to the opposite party to issue a proper notice under S.8 (4) Evacuee Property Act (to the applicants) and of giving the applicants an opportunity to contest the said notice of eviction after holding that the notice of the learned Custodian General so far as it relates to the applicants is ultra vires and illegal and without jurisdiction."

4. When the petition first came on for hearing, a preliminary objection was taken by the respondent that as the Custodian General had his office in Delhi and the order which the petitioners sought to have quashed had been passed in Delhi, the Court had no jurisdiction to issue the writs prayed for or any of them. The learned Judges being of opinion that this objection raised an important question of law, accordingly referred to a Full Bench the question which we have already set out.

5. With great respect we do not think that the question propounded is really the question that arises in this case. It is now clear, and learned counsel for the petition













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