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2026 Supreme(All) 3

HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD
SAUMITRA DAYAL SINGH, INDRAJEET SHUKLA, JJ.
Anita Rani – Appellant
Versus
State of U.P. and 4 Others – Respondents
SPECIAL APPEAL NO. 646 of 2025
Decided On : 27-01-2026

Advocates appeared:
For the Appellant(s) :Siddharth Khare, Sr. Advocate
For the Respondent(s): Akanksha Sharma, C.S.C.

Irregular appointments without fraud may be permitted to continue under sympathetic circumstances, despite age limit breaches in eligibility. Appointments declared void-ab-initio in accord with U.P. Basic Education Rules.

Headnote:(A) U.P. Basic Education (Teachers) Service Rules, 1981 - Rule 6 - Eligibility for appointment as Assistant Teacher - Appellant completed training but was over the age limit (50 years) at the time of appointment on 02.07.2016, rendering the appointment void-ab-initio. Court considered age relaxation provisions (Paras 11-12, 18).

(B) Recruitment process - Appointment invalidated due to exceeding age limit, no fraud established on part of appellant, thus a limited indulgence was granted to retain position without salary for the non-service period (Paragraphs 16, 18).

(C) Jurisprudence on irregular appointments - Courts have taken a sympathetic view where no fault is attributed to the appointee (Paragraph 17).

Facts of the case:
The appellant, a Scheduled Caste candidate, completed her Special BTC course and applied for a teaching position but was denied appointment due to exceeding the age limit outlined in the recruitment notification.

Findings of Court:
Appointment declared void-ab-initio, but allowed to continue in the position without pay for the duration of absence.

Issues: Whether the appellant was legally eligible to apply for the position given the age restrictions.

Ratio Decidendi: The court upheld the age limit provisions but acknowledged the lack of fraud or willful misrepresentation on the appellant's part, which influenced its decision to allow her continued tenure in a limited capacity.

Result: Special Appeal partly allowed.

Judgement Key Points

Certainly. Based on the provided legal document, here are the key points:

  1. The appellant, Anita Rani, was appointed as an Assistant Teacher after completing her Special BTC training in June 2012 and applying for the post in January 2015, with her appointment being made in July 2016 (!) (!) .

  2. The order under challenge declared her appointment void-ab-initio because she was over the maximum age limit at the time of appointment, as she was above 50 years old, and she did not qualify for age relaxation under the relevant rules (!) (!) .

  3. The appellant claimed entitlement to age relaxation as a Scheduled Caste candidate, which would allow her to apply up to the age of 45, and further relaxation of 2 years 6 months 21 days based on the Proviso to Rule 6 of the Rules of 1981, but she was over this extended age limit at the time of application and appointment (!) (!) (!) .

  4. The authorities accepted her application and appointed her despite her exceeding the age limit, which was challenged later when her appointment was declared void (!) (!) .

  5. The appellant argued that her appointment had been made in good faith, without any fraudulent act or misrepresentation, and that the delay in canceling her appointment was unjustified given her long service period of about 7 years (!) .

  6. The legal principles considered include the importance of preventing appointments obtained through fraud or misrepresentation, but also recognizing that wrongful appointments made in good faith and for a significant period may warrant some leniency (!) (!) .

  7. The court observed that there was no evidence of fraud or misrepresentation by the appellant, and that the error in age calculation was on the part of the authorities, not the appellant (!) .

  8. The appellate court partly set aside the previous orders, allowing the appellant to continue in her position but without entitlement to salary for the period during which she was out of service (!) .

  9. The decision reflects a balance between upholding rules and preventing misuse, while also considering the appellant's long service, good faith, and the absence of fraud (!) (!) .

  10. The case emphasizes that appointments made in good faith and for a substantial duration may be protected, even if initially irregular, provided there is no element of fraud or malfeasance.


Table of Content
1. eligibility based on completion of training and age limits. (Para 3 , 4)
2. age relaxation rules and their applicability. (Para 8 , 9 , 11)
3. precedents related to wrongful termination. (Para 12 , 15)
4. impact of wrongful appointment and employee's rights. (Para 17 , 18)

JUDGMENT

(Per Indrajeet Shukla, J)

1. Heard Mr. Ashok Khare, learned Senior Counsel assisted by Mr. Umang Srivastava, learned counsel for the appellant; Ms. Akanksha Sharma, learned counsel for respondent nos.3 & 4 and, Mr. Ankit Gaur, learned Standing Counsel for the State.

2. Present intra-Court appeal has arisen against the order of learned Single Judge dated 08.05.2025 in Anita Rani versus State of U.P. and 4 others , Neutral Citaion:-2025:AHC:74204 whereby the learned Single Judge dismissed the writ petition, observing as follows:-

“11. In view of above, the relevant dates are (I) date of completion of Special BTC Course, (ii) date of submission of form for recruitment process and (iii) date of appointment.

12. In present case, petitioner has completed Special BTC Training course on 12.06.2012 and advertisement was issued on 19.12.2014 i.e. after 2 years and 6 months and 7 days. The petitioner was a Scheduled Caste candidate, therefore, a relaxation of 5 years was granted in maximum age limit i.e. 45 years and she can apply after adding 2 years 6 months and 7 days i.e. up to 47 years 6 months 21 days as on cut off date i.e. 01.07.2014 taking into consideration that course was concluded on 12.06.2012 and application was submitted on 01.07.2014, but she was about 48 years 2 months, therefore, she was not entitled to apply as well as she was granted appointment on 02.07.2016, when she has crossed maximum age of 50 years, therefore, her appointment was void-ab-initio.

13. In aforesaid circumstances, since above referred facts are undisputed, therefore, in terms of G.O. dated 29.10.2015, the petitioner was not eligible to participate in the recruitment process itself and therefore, illegally appointed, therefore, there is no ground to cause interference in impugned order whereby her appointment was declared void-ab-initio.”

3. Facts, which reflect from the record, are that the appellant was selected for Special Basic Training Certificate in the year 2008, however, she could complete said training on 05.06.2012. Subsequently, she passed her U.P.T.E.T. Examination on 24.05.2014. No recruitment process of Special BTC Trained Candidates for appointment to the post of Assistant Teachers was immediately commenced.

4. It is on 09.12.2014, State of U.P. issued a notification for recruitment of 15000 Assistant Teachers from Special BTC Trained candidates wherein the appellant applied and got appointment on 02.07.2016, however, on 20.12.2017, a notice was issued to the appellant requiring her to explain that as the appellant had completed the age of more than fifty years on the date of appointment, i.e., 02.07.2016, her appointment was liable to be cancelled. A reply to the said notice was filed, however, vide order dated 28.10.2023 passed by District Basic Education Officer, Moradabad, the appointment of the appellant was declared void-ab-initio.

5. Feeling aggrieved, appellant preferred Writ-A No. 19644 of 2023, which has been dismissed by learned Single Judge vide order impugned herein.

6. The record transpires that as per the notification/advertisement dated 09.12.2014 issued for the post in question, the last date for submission of the application form was 10.02.2015 and in pursuance to aforesaid notification, the petitioner applied for the post in question on 05.01.2015. The age of the original petitioner/appellant herein was 48 years 8 months 4 days on the date of submission of application form. The case of the appellant is that she is entitled for age relaxation of 2 years six months 21 days in terms of Third Proviso appended to Rule 6 contained in Part IV of the U.P. Basic Education (Teachers) Service Rules, 1981 (For sake of brevity hereinafter shall be

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