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2021 Supreme(UK) 560

IN THE HIGH COURT OF UTTARAKHAND AT NAINITAL
Sharad Kumar Sharma, J.
Paniram - Appellant
Versus
Additional District Judge & Ors. - Respondents
Writ Petition No. 3503 of 2001
Decided On : 01-04-2021

Advocates Appeared:
Lalit Belwal, Advocate, Ajay Singh Bisht, Advocate, Gajendra Tripathi, Advocate, T.A. Khan, Advocate, Sadaf, Advocate

Headnote:(A) Transfer of Property Act, 1882 - Sections 54 and 106 - Provincial Small Causes Courts Act, 1887 - Sections 15 and 23 - Writ petition by tenant challenging eviction suit - Tenant claimed title via unregistered agreement for sale; default in rent cited by landlord - Court affirmed that unregistered agreements do not confer ownership absent a deed of conveyance - Failure to present specific issues in lower courts barred tenant from arguing claims of title and adverse possession - Writ petition dismissed. (Paras 1-59)

(B) Landlord-Tenant Relationship - Legal relationship established through formal tenancy agreements or conveyances; mere claims of ownership via unregistered agreements not sufficient to challenge eviction. (Paras 4, 26, 54)

(C) Jurisdiction of Writ Courts - Writ jurisdiction does not permit re-evaluation of factual findings established by lower courts, unless evident errors occurred. (Paras 39-42)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner, a tenant, disputed eviction actions initiated by the landlord based on claimed ownership derived from unregistered agreements for sale dating back to 1974. The landlord asserted defaults in rental payments.

Findings of Court:
The court ruled that the tenant’s arguments were undermined by a lack of formal action to validate the alleged agreements and stressed that occupancy cannot be deemed adverse in recognition of the landlord's title.

Issues: The main issues revolved around the validity of the unregistered agreements and the implications of tenant's non-compliance with rental obligations.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that without a registered deed of conveyance, mere unregistered agreements do not establish title or permit recourse to rights against a landlord. The petitioner could not defer to a lack of issue formulation as a procedural advantage when he had not previously sought to address them.

Result: Writ petition dismissed, tenant required to vacate premises within 30 days.

Table of Content
1. writ petition initiated by tenant against eviction. (Para 1 , 2)
2. landlord's claims regarding unpaid rent and tenant's default. (Para 3 , 4 , 5)
3. arguments about validity of unregistered sale agreements. (Para 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
4. court's decision on procedural issues and tenant's claims. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)
5. mutual recognition of titles post landlord's have successfully filed claims. (Para 18 , 19 , 20 , 21)
6. summary of previous court decisions and their influences. (Para 22 , 23 , 24)
7. reiteration of distinct ownership post-will. (Para 25 , 26 , 27)
8. arguments regarding the landlord-tenant relationship. (Para 28 , 29 , 30)
9. principles supported by case law on transfer and possession. (Para 31 , 34 , 35)
10. judgment based on legalities not satisfied by the tenant. (Para 36 , 37 , 38)
11. assertion of correctness of prior findings as limited basis for appeal. (Para 39 , 40 , 41)
12. arguments asserting leniency in lawful inquiries/ challenges. (Para 42 , 43 , 44)
13. divided arguments on veracity of tenant's claims versus legal mandates. (Para 45 , 46 , 47 , 48)
14. law established on adverse possession and its irrelevance. (Para 49 , 50 , 51 , 52)
15. final thoughts on merits leading to decision dismissal of writ. (Para 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57)

JUDGMENT

Sharad Kumar Sharma, J. - The petitioner before this Court, in the present Writ Petition, is a tenant, wherein, he has put to challenge, the impugned judgments dated 4th September, 2016, which has been rendered in SCC Revision No. 21 of 1996, Paniram vs. Smt. Bhagwati Devi, and as a consequence thereto, it has resulted into an affirmation of judgment and decree dated 16th April, 1996, which has been rendered by the Judge, Small Causes Courts in SCC Suit No. 15 of 1989, Smt. Bhagwati Devi vs. Paniram.

2. The brief facts, which engages consideration in the present Writ Petition, are that the respondent/landlord had filed a SCC Suit on 28th July, 1989, for the purposes of seeking an eviction of the petitioner/tenant from the tenement, in question, which was more appropriately described at the foot of the plaint, as to be;

    constituting to be a residential accommodation of two rooms, over which, the tenancy was created by the erstwhile landlord, late Mr. Kali Ram, who had divested the property to the respondent/landlord, by will, executed in her favour on 17.11.1974.

3. The contention in the plaint, as raised by the landlord, was to the effect that the tenancy with the petitioner commenced from 1973, and as the petitioner/tenant since has committed a default in the remittance of the rent ever since 1982, which the landlord had contended and claimed to be payable @ 25/- p.m., hence, by virtue of a registered notice issued on 16.06.1989, under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act, the respondent No.3, the landlord has terminated the tenancy, and since the default was alleged to have been committed for the sufficient long period, the rent, which was claimed to be payable by virtue of the notice of 16.06.1989, was for a period of three years; preceding the date of notice i.e. dated 16.06.1989, which was admittedly, as per the records was served upon the petitioner on 21st June, 1989.

4. On institution of the Suit, in question, on 28.07.1989, the petitioner had put in appearance and filed his written statement by way of paper No. 18-Ga on 4th November, 1989, which was later on also amended by him at a much belated stage on 8th June, 1996, i.e. almost after seven years of proceedings, attempting to deny the valid initiation of the proceedings of the SCC Suit, as instituted on 28th July, 1989, on the pretext that the proceedings of the SCC Suit No.15 of 1989, Smt. Bhagwati Devi vs. Paniram, would not be sustainable on the ground that the petitioner in the written statement had contended that since there was an agreement for sale, which was executed by the predecessor of the plaintiff, i.e. late Mr. Kali Ram, agreeing to sell the property on 3rd Janu

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