High Court Of Madhya Pradesh
C. P. Sen and Faizanuddin, JJ.
STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH - Appellant
Versus
PREMABAI - Respondents
Misc. First Appeal 253 Of 1973
Decided On : 01/02/1979
The jeep belonged to UNICEF, but was driven by a person in the employment of the State Government. It was contended that the State Government was not liable for the damages caused by negligent driving.
Held: A master is liable for the acts of his servant acting in the course of his employment. For the master's liability to arise, the act must be a wrongful act authorised by the master or a wrongful and unauthorised mode of doing some act authorised by the master. The driver of a car taking the car on the master's business makes him vicariously liable if he commits an accident.
Therefore, the State of Madhya Pradesh is liable for payment of compensation for the acts of its driver, even if the State Government is not the owner of the jeep in question [Para 5
(2) Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 - Ss. 100-F and 110-A - Claims Tribunal established - jurisdiction of Civil Courts is ousted for damages - object of the provision.
Once a Claims Tribunal is established, all claims regarding compensation in respect of accidents arising out of the Motor Vehicles Act have to be decided by the Claims Tribunal and not by Civil Court. AIR 1976 SC 237 relied on.
The object of these sections is to provide a cheap and speedy mode of enforcing liability arising out of use of motor vehicles. [Para 6
(3) Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 - Ss. 2 (19) and 110-A - owner - meaning of.
The definition of owner in section 2 (19) is an inclusive definition. According to this definition, owner means guardian of minor owner and a person in possession under-purchase agreement. [Para 7
(4) Tort - negligence - negligent driving - death caused by - liability of driver, his master and owner - extent of - Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 - S. 110 - B.
Under the general law of Torts and also under the Fatal Accidents Act, the driver is primarily liable for compensation for causing death or injuries by his rash and negligent driving of the vehicle. His master is also vicariously liable for the acts of his servant. Section 110-B only stipulates that the Tribunal shall specify the amount which shall be paid by the insurer or owner or driver of the vehicle. It does not provide that these three persons are alone liable for the accident. The owner's liability is not absolute. If the vehicle is entrusted to an independent person, and it is in the control of that independent person the owner cannot be made liable for the Act of that independent person or his servant. [Para 3
(5) Tort - damages - death caused by negligent driving - mode of calculation.
The tribunal ought to have proceeded on the basis as to what the contribution the deceased were expected to contribute for the maintenance of their wives. [Para 9
( 1 ) BY this Order, the connected Misc. (F) Appeal No. 253/73 (State of M. P. v. Smt. Budhi Devi) is also disposed of. Both these appeals arise out of the same accident. Two Claim Cases were consolidated and tried together by the Claims tribunal. The State has preferred these appeals under Section 110-D of the motor Vehicles Act, 1939 against the awards of compensation granted to the claimants amounting to Rs. 10,400/- and Rs. 12,720/- respectively.
( 2 ) THE facts not in dispute are that on 3-8-1971 at 7 p. m. , the jeep No. MPA 5586 which bore the emblem of UNICEF was invloved in an accident on the rewa-Gurha road resulting in the instantaneous death of two pedestrians ramavtar and Shivprasad. It is also not in serious dispute that the jeep in question was being driven rashly and negligently and that the two pedestrians were going by the left side of the road when they were run over. Shivprasad's widow Prembai preferred a claim before the Claims Tribunal claiming Rs. 1,26,000/- for the death of her husband, while Budhi Devi widow of Ramavtar preferred a claim of Rs. 86,000/- for the death of her husband. According to them. Kusum, respondent No. 2 was driving the jeep rashly and negligently, the jeep belonged to the State Government and the driver was in its employment in the Raipur Development Block. After the filing of the written statement it was pleaded in the alternative that even if the Panchayat inspector, Shrinivas Tiwari-respondent No. 3 was driving the jeep, the State would be still liable for the two deaths. At the time of the accident, Ramavtar was aged 23 years and he was a student in the final year of B. Sc. while shivprasad was aged 22 years and he was Matriculate and passed ITI training in Telephones. The appellant-State contended that as the jeep was owned by unicef and was intended to carry out their applied nutrition programme, the state Government was not liable for any compensation. In the alternative it was pleaded that at the time the jeep was engaged in discharge of the sovereign functions of the State Government and as such it cannot be made liable for any compensation. The driver respondent No. 2 contended that the Panchayat inspector Shrinivas Tiwari was actually driving the jeep at the relevant time and due to his rash and negligent driving with high speed and with defective brakes, the accident had occurred, resulting in two deaths. The respondent No. 3, on the other hand, contended that he was not driving the jeep, but it was being driven by the driver-respondent No. 2 rashly and negligently. The Claims tribunal awarded compensation of Rs. 10,400/- to Premabai and Rs. 12,720/ to Budhi Devi. The Tribunal held that respondent No. 2 was driving the Vehicle rashly and negligently. The jeep was being driven for official duty, but not in discharge of sovereign functions of the State. Technically the ownership of the vehicle was with the UNICEF, but for the purpose of Motor Vehicles Act, the state Government being in possession and in administrative control of the jeep would be deemed to be the owner and liable to pay the compensation for the acts of its driver respondent No. 2. Aggrieved by this award, the State government has preferred these two appeals. There is no cross-objection by the claimants. ( 3 ) THE questions for considerations are: (i) whether the jeep was driven by the driver respondent No. 2 rashly and negligently causing the two deaths, (ii)whether the State Government can be made liable for the acts of its driver when it was not owner of the jeep; and (iii) whether the amounts of compensation awarded are excessive;
( 4 ) THERE is solitary testimony of Kustun respondent No. 2 that it was Shriniwas tiwari-respondent No. 3 who was actually driving the jeep. But, there is no corroboration to his statement. He admitted that he made no report to his superiors about the unauthorised driving by the respondent No. 3 causing the two deaths. As against this, all the other occupants of
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