High Court Of Madhya Pradesh
BHAWANI SINGH,a. K. MISHRA
UMED CHAND GOLCHA - Appellant
Versus
DAYARAM - Respondents
M. A. 192 Of 1996
Decided On : 10/20/2000
Motor Vehicles Act - Personal Injury Claims - Section 103-A, Indian Succession Act, 1925 - [The judgment discusses the application of the maxim actio personalis moritur cum persona to personal injury claims under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, and its restricted application as provided in section 306 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925. It emphasizes the need for a broad and liberal interpretation of the provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act to ensure that victims of motor accidents or their legal representatives do not suffer injustice and to avoid wrongdoers thriving at their cost.]
Fact of the Case:
The judgment involves two appeals concerning personal injury claims under the Motor Vehicles Act. In the first case, the claimant died after the award was announced, and in the second case, the claim was dismissed as abated after the claimant's death. The main issue was whether the cause of action survived to the legal heirs in personal injury cases.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the cause of action for personal injury did not survive to the legal heirs, but the claim for loss to the estate of the deceased did survive. It held that the legal representatives could seek impleadment and claim compensation for loss to the estate, provided it was already pleaded in the claim petition or an amendment was sought.
Issues: The main issue was whether the cause of action survived to the legal heirs in personal injury cases, specifically in relation to claims for loss to the estate of the deceased.
Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the maxim actio personalis moritur cum persona applies to claim cases under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, but its application is restricted to the areas provided in section 306 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925. It emphasized the need for a broad and liberal interpretation of the provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act to ensure justice for victims and their legal representatives.
Final Decision: The court allowed one appeal and remanded the other to the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal to give the legal representatives an opportunity to claim impleadment alleging loss to the estate of the deceased and seek amendment of the claim petition if necessary.
( 1 ) WE propose to decide both the aforesaid appeals [misc. Appeal No. 192 of 1996, Umed Chand golcha (dead) through legal heirs v. Dayaram and Misc. Appeal No. 88 of 1998, sunita v. Pushpa Sharma], since common questions for consideration and decision arise in both of them.
( 2 ) BEFORE adverting to consider the same, it would be desirable to make mention of material facts of the cases one after the other.
( 3 ) MISC. Appeal No. 192 of 1996 is directed against the award dated 21. 11. 95 passed by the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal (III), Durg, in Claim Case No. 75 of 1986. The claimant Umed Chand Golcha (dead) was going from Rajnandgaon to durg on motor cycle of his friend Shikhar chand Jain on 1. 3. 1984. The truck bearing registration No. CPR 8964 belonging to satya Narayan Sharma, driven by Dayaram and insured with Oriental Fire and genl. Ins. Co. Ltd. dashed against the said motor cycle. As a result of this accident, the claimant fell down and his right leg was seriously injured, apart from injuries on other parts of the body. He availed treatment at various places, like Durg, Pune, madras, Visakhapatnam and Bombay. His claim is that he became permanently disabled in the accident by 40 per cent, therefore, he was entitled to compensation of rs. 5,74,000 with interest at the rate of 18 per cent per annum.
( 4 ) THE owner of the vehicle has denied the allegations raised by the claimant and stated, inter alia, that the vehicle was insured. The insurance company stated that the claim was excessive. The contract of insurance was not with Satya Narayan Sharma. Instead, it was with Devendra Singh, the original owner of the vehicle, and the insurance company had not been intimated about the transfer of the vehicle, therefore, the policy issued in favour of Devendra singh stood lapsed and the contract of insurance ceased to exist. It was not liable to indemnify the transferee of the vehicle. The Tribunal, on consideration of material on record, accepted the allegation of the claimant that the accident had occurred due to rash and negligent driving of the vehicle by the driver. It also found that the vehicle had been transferred by Devendra singh in favour of Satya Narayan Sharma, but no intimation was given to the insurance company; therefore, it was not responsible to satisfy the award. Consequently, it was to be paid by the owner of the vehicle.
( 5 ) THE award was challenged by the claimant on various grounds mentioned in the memo of appeal. It may be pertinent to record that the Full Bench in National insurance Co. Ltd. v. Kans Ram, 2000 ACJ 405 (MP), on reference made by the Division bench of this court by order dated 23. 9. 1997 passed in Umed Chand Golcha v. Dayaram, M. A. No. 192 of 1996, held that the insurance policy remains effective in respect of third party risks but not in respect of transferee risks, even if there has been absence of application/intimation as stipulated under section 103-A of the act and law laid down in Balwant Singh v. Jhannubai, 1980 ACJ 126 (MP) and sabirhussain v. Maya Bai, 1997 ACJ 1258 (MP) and similar other decisions, was no more good law. Therefore, the claim of the insurance company that it was not liable to pay compensation awarded by the Tribunal for the reasons that on transfer of vehicle without intimation to it, policy ceased to exist and there was no privity of contract between the company and the transferee, stands rejected.
( 6 ) DURING the pendency of the appeal, the claimant Umed Chand Golcha died because of personal injuries sustained by him and in his place, his legal representatives have been substituted by the court by order dated 22. 11. 1999.
( 7 ) MISC. Appeal No. 88 of 1998 (Sunita v. Pushpa Sharma), is directed against the award dated 21. 10. 97 passed by the Motor accidents Claims Tribunal, Sohagpur, in claim Case No. 27 of 1992, whereby the claim has been dismissed as abated.
( 8 ) SALIGRAM Deshmukh instituted a claim before the Claims Tribunal f
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