1999 Supreme(MP) 942

2000 (1) JLJ 208
D.M. Dharmadhikari and S.K Kulshrestha, JJ.
Ashok Kumar Tripathi v. Union of India and others
W.P.No. 2262 of 1999; against the order of stay passed by Division Bench made subject matter in Special Leave to Appeal
(Civil) No. 8334 of 1999; Decided on 17.12.1999.

Headnote:(1) Constitution of India -- Art. 243D(l) -- provision adopts principle of proportionate representation to reserved categories -- it is for giving them reservation on the seats based on their population in an area. [Para 8]

       (2) Constitution of India -- Art. 243D (2) -- providers for horizontal reservation for amongst the reserved seats -- it is to the extent of 1/3rd for women belonging to scheduled castes/scheduled tribes. [Para 9]

       (3) Constitution of India -- Art. 243D(3) -- provides for horizontal reservation to the extent of 1/3rd of seats to women by rotation -- including women of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. [Para 9]

       (4) Constitution of India -- Art. 243D(4) proviso I -- reservation for the offices of chairpersons is left to State Legislature -- 1st proviso permits certain number of seats to be reserved for reserved categories. [Para 10]

       (5) Constitution of India -- Art. 243D (4) proviso II -- mandates horizontal reservation of not less than 1/3rd for women including women belonging to SC/ST categories. [Para 10]

       (6) Constitution of India -- Art. 243D (4) proviso III -- permits allotment of seats of reserved category by rotation. [Para 10]

       (7) Constitution of India -- Art. 243D(6) -- enables State Legislature to make provision for reservation of seats in panchayats or offices of chairpersons -- it is in relation to other backward classes. [Para 10]

       

       (8) Constitution of India--Art. 243K (4)--State Legislature has been empowered to make law in connection with Panchayat election. [Para 10]

       (9) Constitution of India--Arts. 243M and 244 (1) and (2)--Art. 243M is for the purpose of applicability of part IX to ‘scheduled areas‘ referred to in Art. 244(1). [Para 11]

       (10) Constitution of India -- Arts. 243-O, 243ZG and 226 -- bar of entertaining election disputes by High Court -- cannot be read to curtail constitutional power of High Court under Art. 226 -- election should not be interdicted on ground of some infraction of rule, etc. -- inherent defect or breach of law can still be interfered with. (1985) 4 SCC 689 and AIR 1999 SC 1723 followed. - [Para 29]

       (11) Panchayat Raj Adhiniyam, 1993 (M.P.) -- S. 129-E (as inserted in 1997) -- Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act. 1996 -- S. 4(g) -- both the provisions -- are parimateria in every respect. [Para 22]

       (12) Constitution of India -- Art. 14 - does not envisage equal treatment of unequals n it permits protective treatment to deprived classes of citizens. [Para 36]

       (13) Panchayat Raj Adhiniyam, 1993 (M.P.) -- S. 129-E -- reservation -- principle of proportionate representation based on population of reserved categories has been adhered to -- departure has been made from it in giving them larger share of self governance. AIR 1993 SC 477 and W.P. No. 1013/96 distinguished. [Para 36]

       (14) Panchayat Raj Adhiniyam, 1993 (M.P.) -- S. 129-E -- reservation -ascertained from last census -- total reservation not exceeding 50% -d`reservation having sanction of Constitution -- Court will not see each and every case. [Para 36]

       (15) Legislature -- members of -- they are best judges in policy matters -they are closer to society. [Para 37]

       (16) Panchayat Raj Adhiniyam, 1993 (M.P.) -- S. 129-E -- more than 50% of reservation in categories including scheduled tribes in scheduled area 100% reservation for chairpersons in those areas -- is legal. (1994) Supp. (1) SCC 324 followed. W.P. No. 4432/94 relied on. [Para 47]

       (17) Panchayat Raj Adhiniyam, 1993 (M.P.) -- S. 129-E -- reservation of scheduled caste, scheduled tribes, women and backward classes -- being 44% at Stale level not high hence neither arbitrary nor excessive. [Para 52]

       (18) Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 -- S. 4 (g) provisos I and II -- expression ‘communities‘ used in main clause (g) -- means scheduled castes and scheduled tribes only -- there is no inner confliet between the main provision and two provisos. [Para 56]

       (19) Constitution of India -- part IX and IXA -- Presidential Order, 1977 -- Cl. 3 -- introduction of chapters IX and IXA to the Constitution -- rules out the contention that Presidential Order is old -- formation of new districts in M.P. -- does not change position as per Cl. 3. [Para 58]

       Per S.K. Kulshrestha..J.:

       (20) Panchayat Raj Adhiniyam, 1993 (M.P.) -- S. 199-E -- Constitution of1ndia -- parts IX and IXA -- reservation of more than 50% should he made in exceptional cases -- reservation of 25% of GBC is outer limit. [Paras (1) & (2)]

       ¼1½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku&vuq-243?k ¼1½&mica/k esa vkjf{kr çoxZ ds vkuqikfrd çfrfuf/kRo dk fl)kar viuk;k x;k gSa&;g fdlh {ks= esa mldh tula[;k ij vk/kkfjr LFkkuksa ij mUgsa vkj{k.k nsus ds fy, gSaA ¿iSjk 8

       ¼2½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku&vuq- 243?k ¼2½&vkjf{kr LFkkuksa ds e/; leLrjh; vkj{k.k micaf/kr gSa&vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksaA tutkfr;ksa dh efgykvksa ds fy, ;g 1@3 dh lhek rd gSaA ¿iSjk 9

       ¼3½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku&vuq- 243?k ¼3½&efgykvksa ds fy, pØkuqØe }kjk ,d&frgkbZ dh lhek rd leLrjh; vkj{k.k micaf/kr gS&vuqlwfpr tkfr vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr dh efgyk,¡ muds varxZr gSaA ¿iSjk 9

       ¼4½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku&vuq- 243?k ¼4½ ijarqd 1&v/;{kksa ds inksa ds fy, vkj{k.k jkT; fo/kku&eaMy ij NksM+k x;k gS&çFke ijarqd }kjk vkjf{kr çoxks± ds fy, fuf‘pr LFkku vkjf{kr fd;k tkuk vuqKkr gSaA ¿iSjk 10

       ¼5½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku&vuq- 243?k ¼4½ ijarqd 2&vuqlwfpr tkfr tutkfr dh efgykvksa dks lfEefyr djrs gq, efgykvksa ds fy, de&ls&de ,d&frgkbZ leLrjh; vkj{k.k vkKkid gSA ¿iSjk 10

       ¼6½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku&vuq- 243?k ¼4½ ijarqd 3&vkjf{kr laoxZ ds LFkkuksa dk vkcaVu pØkuqØe esa vuqKkr gSA ¿iSjk 10

       ¼7½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku&vuq-243?k ¼6½&iapkrksa esa LFkku vFkok v/;{kksa dk in vkjf{kr djus ds fy, mica/k fojfpr djus ds fy, jkT; fo/kku&eaMy dks le{kerk çnku dh xbZ gS&;g vU; fiNM+s oxks± ds laca/k esa gSA ¿iSjk 10

       ¼8½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku&vuq- 243V ¼4½&jkT fo/kku&eaMy dks iapk;r fuokZpu ds laca/k esa fof/k fufeZr djus ds fy, l‘kDr fd;k x;k gSA ¿iSjk 10

       ¼9½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku&vuq- 243 M rFkk 244¼1½] ,oa ¼2½ vuq- 243 M] vuq- 244¼1½ rFkk ¼2½ esa ;Fkk fufnZ"V Hkkx o ^vuqlwfpr {ks=ksa* dks ykxw gksus ds ç;kstu ds fy, gSA ¿iSjk 11

       ¼10½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku&vuq- 243 .k] 243 ;N rFkk 226&mPp U;k;ky; }kjk fuokZpu fookn xzg.k fd, tkus dk otZu&vuq- 226 ds v/khu mPp U;k;ky; dks lkafo/kkfud ‘kfDr de fd, tkus ds :i esa fuoZpu ugha fd;k tk ldrk&fuokZpu ij vk{ksi fu;e vkfn ds fdlh mYya?ku ds vk/kkj ij ugha gksuk pkfg,&rnfi] varfuZfgr nks"k vFkok fof/k ds Hkax dh n‘kk esa gLr{ksi fd;k tk ldrk gSA ¼1985½ 4 ,l lh 689 rFkk , vkb vkj 1999 ,l lh 172 vuqlfjrA ¿iSjk 29

       ¼11½ iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1993 ¼e-ç-½&/kkjk 129&M- ¼1997 esa ;Fkk var%LFkkfir½&iapkr mica/k ¼vuqlwfpr {ks=ksa ij foLrkj½ vf/kfu;e] 1996&/kkjk 4 ¼N½&nksuksa mica/k&çR;sd igys ls leku fo"k;d gSA ¿iSjk 22

       ¼12½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku&vuq-14&vlekuksa esa leku O;ogkj ifjdfYir ugha gSa&blesa ukxfjdksa ds oafpr oxks± dks laj{k.k dk O;ogkj vuqKkr gSA ¿iSjk 36

       ¼13½ iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1993 ¼e-ç-½&/kkjk 129M-&vkj{k.k&vkjf{kr çoxks± dh tula[;k ij vk/kkfjr vkuqikfrd çfrfuf/kRo ds fl)kar dk ikyu fd;k x;k gS&blls fopyu] mudks Lok;r ‘kklu dk c`grj va‘k nsus esa fd;k x;k gSA , vkb vkj 1993 ,l lh 477 rFkk fjV ;kfpdk Ø-1013@96 çHksfnrA ¿iSjk 36

       ¼14½ iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1993 ¼e-ç-½&/kkjk 129M-&vkj{k.k&fiNyh tux.kuk ij ls vfHkfuf‘pr&dqy vkj{k.k 50% ls vf/kd ugha&vkj{k.k dks lafo/kku dh eatwjh&Uk;ky; çR;sd ekeys ij fopkj ugha djsxkA ¿iSjk 36

       ¼15½ fo/kku&eaMy&ds lnL;x.k&uhfrxr ekeyksa esa loksZPp; U;k;k/kh‘k gS&os lekt ds fudVrj gSaA ¿iSjk 37

       ¼16½ iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1993 ¼e-ç-½&/kkjk 129M-&vuqlwfpr {ks= esa vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa dks lfEefyr djrs gq, çoxks± ds fy, 50% ls vf/kd vkj{k.kμ {ks=ksa esa v/;{kksa ds fy, 100% vkj{k.k Ⓢ/k gSaA ¼1994½ lIyh- ¼1½ ,l lh lh 324 vuqlfjrA fjV ;kfpdk Ø- 4432@94 voyafcrA ¿iSjk 47

       ¼17½ iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1993 ¼e-ç-½&/kkjk 129&M-&vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa efgykvksa rFkk fiNM+s oxks± dk vkj{k.k&jkT Lrj ij 40% gksus ls vf/kd ugha gSa blfy, u euekuk gS vkSj u vR;f/kdA ¿iSjk 52

       ¼18½ iapk;r mica/k ¼vuqlwfpr {ks=ksa ij foLrkj½ vf/kfu;e] 1996&/kkjk 4 ¼N½ ijarqd 1 rFkk 2&eq[; [kaM ¼N½ esa ç;qDr vfHkO;fDr ^leqnk;*&vFkZ dsoy vuqlwfpr tkfr vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr gSa&eq[; mica/k vkSj nksuksa ijarqdksa esa dksbZ varfojks/k ugha gSA ¿iSjk 56

       ¼19½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku&v/;k; 9 rFkk 9d&jk"Vªifr vkns‘k] 1977&[kaM 3&lafo/kku ds v/;k; 9 rFkk 9d dh çLrkouk ls&;g ladFku oftZr gks tkrk gS fd jk"Vªifr vkns‘k iqjkuk gSa&e/; çns‘k esa u, ftyksa dk xBu&[kaM 3 ds vuqlkj fLFkfr ifjofrZr ugha gksrhA ¿iSjk 58

       U;k- ,l-ds- dqyJs"V%

       ¼20½ iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1993 ¼e-ç-½&/kkjk 129 M-&Hkkjr dk lafo/kku&Hkkx 9 rFkk 9d&50% ls vf/kd vkj{k.k vkiokfnd ekeyksa esa fd;k tkuk pkfg,&vU fiNM+s oxks± ds fy, 25% dk vkj{k.k ckgjh lhek gSA ¿iSjk ¼1½ ,oa ¼2½