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2024 Supreme(MP) 428

IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH
G. S. Ahluwalia, J.
Bhersiya v. The State of M. P.
Criminal Appeal No. 187 of 2001 (Indore): against the judgment and sentence dated 20.1.2001 passed by the Additional Sessions Judge, Kukshi, District Dhar in Sessions Trial No. 89/2000; Decided on 13.9.2024

Advocates:
Pravin Kumar Newalkar for appellant; Amit Rawal, Government Advocate for respondents/State.

Headnote:

(1) Penal Code, 1860 -- S. 96 -- right of private defence -- accused not required to prove existence of private defence -- if he succeeds to show from prosecution evidence that either he or his property was in danger, he can claim benefit of right of private defence. [Para 21]

(2) Penal Code, 1860 -- S. 96 -- right of private defence -- is a defensive right which is available only when circumstances justify it -- to claim right of private defence, accused must indicate that there was very limited scope for State agencies to interfere -- furthermore, it has to be seen whether accused exceeded his right of private defence or not. [Para 22]

(3) Penal Code, 1860 -- Ss. 304 Pt. II, 96 and 97 -- when there is danger and immediate act from State machinery is not available, individual is entitled to protect himself and his property -- however, his resistance should not be disproportionate to injury sought to be caused or reasonably apprehended -- appellant avoided attempt of deceased to snatch his money by running away from spot -- he was chased by deceased -- appellant must have pelted stones on deceased twice in order to save himself -- held -- appellant had right of private defence to protect himself as well as his money -- in exercise of said right, he did not act disproportionately -- did not exceed his right of private defence -- entitled to benefit of Ss. 96 and 97 -- trial Court committed material illegality by holding appellant guilty for offence u/s. 304 Part II -- appellant acquitted of all charges. (2003) 2 SCC 661, 2005 (1) JLJ 206 (SC) = (2005) 9 SCC 705, (1979) 2 SCC 648, (2007) 15 SCC 241, (1991) 2 SCC 612 and (2008) 16 SCC 657 followed. [Paras 29 & 30]

¼1½ naM lafgrk] 1860 & /kkjk 96 & çkbosV çfrj{kk dk vf/kdkj & vfHk;qä }kjk çkbosV çfrj{kk ds vf/kdkj dk gksuk lkfcr fd;k tkuk visf{kr ugha & ;fn og vfHk;kstu lk{; ls ;g nf'kZr djus esa lQy jgrk gS fd og ;k mldh laifÙk dks [krjk Fkk] rks og çkbosV çfrj{kk ds vf/kdkj ds Qk;ns dk nkok dj ldrk gSA ¼iSjk 21½
¼2½ naM lafgrk] 1860 & /kkjk 96 & çkbosV çfrj{kk dk vf/kdkj & çfrj{kkRed vf/kdkj gS] tks rc gh miyC/k gksrk gS tc ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa og U;k;ksfpr gks & çkbosV çfrj{kk ds vf/kdkj dk nkok djus ds fy, vfHk;qä dks minf'kZr djuk gksxk fd jkT; ds vfHkdj.kksa }kjk gLr{ksi dh vR;ar lhfer xqatkb'k Fkh & blds vfrfjä] ;g ns[kk tkuk gksrk gS fd vfHk;qä çkbosV çfrj{kk ds vius vf/kdkj ds ijs x;k ;k ughaA ¼iSjk 22½
¼3½ naM lafgrk] 1860 & /kkjk 304 Hkkx 2] 96 rFkk 97 & tc [krjk gks vkSj jkT;ra= dk vfoyac dk;Z miyC/k ugha gks rc O;fä viuh vkSj viuh laifÙk dh j{kk djus dk gdnkj gS & rFkkfi] mldk fojks/k dkfjr dh tkuk pkgh xbZ ;k ;qfä;qär% vk'kafdr {kfr ls vuuqikfrd ugha gksuk pkfg, & e`rd }kjk mldk /ku Nhus tkus ds ç;Ru ls cpus ds fy, vihykFkhZ LFky ls Hkkxk & e`rd us mldk ihNk fd;k & vihykFkhZ us Lo;a dks cpkus ds fy, gh e`rd ij nks ckj iRFkj Qsads gksaxs & vfHkfu/kkZfjr & vihykFkhZ dks Lo;a ds lkFk gh vius /ku dh j{kk ds fy, çkbosV çfrj{kk dk vf/kdkj Fkk & mä vf/kdkj ds ç;ksx esa mlus vuuqikfrd &#2338ax ls dk;Z ugha fd;k & çkbosV çfrj{kk ds vius vf/kdkj ds ijs ugha x;k & /kkjk 96 vkSj 97 ds Qk;ns dk gdnkj & fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vihykFkhZ dks /kkjk 304 Hkkx 2 ds v/khu vijk/k dk nks"kh vfHkfu/kkZfjr dj rkfRod voS/krk dh & vihykFkhZ leLr vkjksiksa ls nks"keqäA ¼2003½ 2 ,llhlh 661] 2005 ¼1½ ts,yts 206 ¼mPpre U;k;ky;½ % ¼2005½ 9 ,llhlh 705] ¼1979½ 2 ,llhlh 648] ¼2007½ 15 ,llhlh 241] ¼1991½ 2 ,llhlh 612 rFkk ¼2008½ 16 ,llhlh 657 vuqlfjrA ¼iSjk 29 ,oa 30½

JUDGMENT

1. This Criminal Appeal under section 374 of Cr.P.C. has been filed against the judgment and sentence dated 20.1.2001 passed by A.S.J. Kukshi, District Dhar in S.T. No.89/2000, by which, the appellant has been convicted under section 304 part II of I.P.C and has been sentenced to undergo 5 years R.I. and fine of Rs. 1000/- with default imprisonment of 4 months R.I.

2. The prosecution story, in short, is that on 23.12.1999 the complainant Idlibai lodged a report that on 22.12.1999 she, her husband Bhuchariya were in their house. The appellant came there and insisted that her husband should settle his account. At that time she was preparing Chapatis. On the question of money, the appellant started abusing deceased in the name of mother and sister and started pelting stone on her husband Bhuchariya. One stone landed on the upper side of left parietal region of Bhuchariya and another stone landed on the left ear. Bhuchariya raised an alarm, therefore, Tersingh, Phula and Balu came rushing and saw that the appellant was scuffling with deceased Bhuchariya. The appellant thereafter scolded her husband that he should settle down the money dispute, otherwise he would kill her husband and left the place. Since it was already night and they did not have any means of conveyance, therefore, the F.I.R was lodged on the next day. Accordingly, the police registered Crime No.126/99 and the injured Bhuchariya was sent for medical examination. Dr. J.S. Pawar found that Bhuchariya was in unconscious condition and suspecting the fracture of left parietal bone, he referred the injured to the District Hospital Barwani. Ultimately Bhuchariya died in the District Hospital Barwani. Accordingly the requisition for conducting the postmortem report was given. The postmortem of the deceased Bhuchariya was done. The Lash Panchayatnama was prepared, Naksha Panchayatnama was prepared. The Investigating Officer added the offence under section 302 of IPC. Spot map was prepared. The blood stained and plain earth, blood stained Baniyan of deceased were seized. Two stones were also seized from the spot. The appellant was arrested. In a query, it was opined by Dr. Pawar that the injuries could have been caused by the stones, which were seized from the spot. The statement of the witnesses were recorded. The FSL report of the seized articles was obtained and after completing the investigation, the police filed charge sheet for offence under section 294, 336, 323, 506, 302 of IPC.

3. The trial Court by order dated 1.7.2000 framed charges under section 294, 336, 506-B, 302 of IPC.

4. The appellant abjured his guilt and pleaded not guilty.

5. The prosecution in order to prove its case examined Dr. R.C. Goyal (PW-1), Dr. J.S. Pawar (PW-2), Shivnarayan Bhargava (PW3), Nanla (PW-4), Juwan Singh (PW-5), Phula (PW-6), Remsingh (PW-7), Idli Bai (PW-8), Kasam (PW-9), Tersingh (PW-10), Roopsingh (PW-11), Lalbahadur (PW-12), F.S. Chouhan (PW-13) and Mansukhlal (PW-14). The appellant did not examine any witness in his defence.

6. The trial Court by the impugned judgment and sentence, convicted the appellant for offence under section 304 part II of I.P.C and sentenced him to undergo rigorous imprisonment of 5 years and fine of Rs. 1000/-, with default imprisonment of 4 months R.I. The appellant was acquitted for offence under section 294, 336, 506-B of IPC.

7. Challenging the judgment and sentence passed by the Court below, a solitary ground was raised by counsel for the appellant that since the deceased was under the influence of alcohol and he was trying to snatch the money from the appellant and, therefore, even if the entire allegations are accepted, then it is clear that it would be an offence under section 325 of IPC because there was no intention or knowledge on the part of the appellant to kill the deceased Bhuchariya.

8. Per contra, the appeal is vehemently opposed by counsel for the State. It is submitted that since the appellant had thrown stones on the head o

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