IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH
Ashish Shroti, J.
Sunil Khemaria v. State of M.P.
Writ Petition No. 26895 of 2024 (G); Decided on 28.10.2025*
Court -- scope of power -- power of Court to make remarks or observations is subject to satisfaction of certain conditions -- noting regarding discrepancies of investigation cannot be said to be unjustified or unsustainable in law -- however, direction to punish petitioner and report back to Judge not sustainable -- petitioner exclusively within domain of employer -- at best, trial Judge could have directed employer to take action in accordance with law. AIR 1964 SC 703 and (2001) 3 SCC 54 followed. W. P. No. 1365 of 2011 decided on 7.10.2013, W. P. No. 13916 of 2024 decided on 31.5.2024 and M. Cr. C. No. 61267 of 2022 decided on 20.5.2024 relied on. [Paras 13, 15 & 17 to 19]
U;k;ky; & 'kfä dh O;kfIr & fVIif.k;k¡ ;k leqfä;k¡ djus dh U;k;ky; dh 'kfä dfri; 'kr¨Z dh rqf"V d¢ v/;èkhu gksrh gS & vUos"k.k dh folaxfr;¨a d¢ lacaèk esa Vhi d¨ vuqfpr ;k fofèk esa vleFkZuh; ugÈ dgk tk ldrk & rFkkfi] ;kph d¨ nafMr dj U;k;k/kh'k d¨ okil fji¨VZ djus dk funs'k fVdus ;¨X; ugÈ & ;kph vuU; :i ls fu;¨td d¢ vfèkdkj {ks= esa vkrk gS & vfèkd&ls&vfèkd] fopkj.k U;k;kèkh'k fu;¨td d¨ fofèk d¢ vuqlkj dkjZokà djus dk funs'k ns ldrk FkkA ,vkbvkj 1964 ,llh 703 rFkk ¼2001½ 3 ,llhlh 54 vuqlfjrA fjV ;kfpdk Øekad 1365 lu~ 2011 fu.kÊr fnukad 7-10-2013] fjV ;kfpdk Øekad 13916 lu~ 2024 fu.kÊr fnukad 31-5-2024 rFkk çdh.kZ nkafMd ekeyk Øekad 61267 lu~ 2022 fu.kÊr fnukad 20-5-2024 voyafcrA ¼iSjk 13] 15 ,oa 17 ls 19½
ORDER
1. The petitioner has filed the instant writ petition praying for following relief:
“(i) That, the present petition filed by the petitioner may kindly be allowed;
(ii) That, the adverse remark made in the judgment Annexure P/1 in Session Case No. 100375/2015 dated 15.7,2022 in para 36 and 59 may kindly be directed to be expunged.
(iii) That, the cost of the litigation may also be awarded.
(iv) Any other relief which this Hon'ble Court deem fit in the facts and circumstances of the case may kindly be granted to the petitioner.”
2. The petitioner, at the relevant time, was holding the post of Inspector and was posted at Gohad, District Bhind. He was the investigating officer in relation to Crime No.110/2015 registered at the said Police Station for offences punishable under Section 147, 148, 294, 323, 325, 307, 302 read with section 149 of IPC and Section 25, 27 of Arms Act. After investigation, the matter was tried by the Court of First Additional Sessions Judge, Gohad, District Bhind in Sessions Case No.100375 of 2015 and was finally decided vide judgment, dated 15.7.2022 (Annexure P/1). The accused persons were convicted and sentenced vide said judgment.
3. The petitioner, being the investigation officer of the case, was examined as PW-19 in the aforesaid case. The learned Trial Judge, in para 36 of the judgment, found certain lapses on the part of petitioner during investigation. The finding recorded by learned Trial Judge in para 36 are as under:
^^36 lquhy [ksefj;k vŒlŒ 19 us vius çfrijh{k.k dh dafMdk 18 esa Lohdkj fd;k gS fd vfÒ;qä rqykjke }kjk tCr djkà xà ykBh] ftls tCrh i=d çŒiŒ 6 d¢ vuqlkj tCr fd;k x;k gS ij [kwu yxs g¨us dk mYys[k ugÈ gS v©j e©d¢ ij lhycan fd, tkus dk Òh mYys[k ugÈ gSA bl lk{kh us dafMdk 19 esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd foospuk d¢ n©jku mls Qfj;knh odhy flag] Äk;y eqUus'k] jkeoju o vU; lk{khx.k us fdlh Òh vfÒ;qä d¢ }kjk dV~Vk ç;¨x djuk o g¨uk ugÈ crk;k Fkk] ysfdu çdj.k dh foospuk esa vfÒ;qä Òku flag ls 315 c¨j dk dV~Vk tCrh i=d çŒçŒ 21 d¢ vuqlkj tCr fd;k x;k gSA mä ykijokgh vuqlaèkku dh dk;Zokgh esa Ĩj ykijokgh gS v©j bl Ĩj ykijokgh d¢ fy, Fkkuk çÒkjh lquhy [kSfefj;k] t¨ fd ,d vuqÒoh deZpkjh Fks v©j mud¢ }kjk gh vfÒ;qä Òku flag d¨ fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k Fkk] ysfdu mud¢ }kjk tkucw>dj Òku flag ls ÄVuk esa ç;qä 315 c¨j dh ekmtj canwd d¨ tCr u djrs gq, vius vèkhuLFk mifujh{kd tt flag ;kno d¢ çdj.k dh foospuk dqN le; d¢ fy, nsdj tkucw>dj vfÒ;qä Òku flag ls 315 c¨j dk ns'kh dV~Vk tCr djk;k x;k gS tcfd foospuk vfèkdkjh lquhy [kSefj;k d¨ bl rF; dk Kku Fkk fd ÄVuk esa d¨Ã Òh 315 c¨j d¢ ns'kh dV~VBs dk mi;¨x ugÈ gqvk gSA**
4. Based upon the aforesaid finding, the learned Trial Judge, in para 59 of the judgment, forwarded a copy of judgment to Inspector General of Police with direction to punish him for the said lapses and inform the Court. Para 59 of the judgment reads as under:
^^59- çdj.k esa vuqlaèkku d¢ n©jku foospuk vfèkdkjh lquhy [kSefj;k vŒlŒ 19 rRdkyhu fujh{kd Fkkuk x¨gn }kjk cjrh xà Ĩj ykijokgh] ftls fu.kZ; dh dafMdk& 36 esa mYysf[kr fd;k x;k gS d¢ lacaèk esa foospuk esa cjrh xà Ĩj ykijokgh d¢ fy, nafMr djrs gq, bl U;k;ky; d¨ lwfpr fd, tkus gsrq fu.kZ; dh çfr iqfyl egkfujh{kd] pacy jSat Xokfy;j d¢ i= d¢ lkFk fu.kZ; dh çfr çsf"kr dh tk,A^^
5. It is gathered from the return filed by respondents that in compliance with the directions issued by learned trial Court, S.P. Bhind conducted a preliminary enquiry through SDOP Gohad wherein the negligence was found to have been committed by the petitioner. Based upon the preliminary enquiry report, a charge sheet was issued to petitioner vide memo, dated 25.7.2024, (Annexure R/1). Pertinently, alongwith petitioner, the joint enquiry was commenced against one Mr. Jai Singh Yadav, Sub-Inspector posted in Gohad Police Station at the time of incident. It is stated in the return that the charge sheet was served to petitioner on 17.8.2024. The enquiry was pending at the stage of reply to charge sheet by petitioner.
6. Challenging the remarks made by learned Trial
Adverse judicial remarks against an Investigating Officer cannot be made without granting an opportunity for hearing, violating natural justice principles.
The High Court has inherent jurisdiction to expunge remarks made by itself or lower courts to secure justice, but this power is to be exercised in exceptional cases only.
Adverse remarks – There is difference between criticising erroneous orders and criticising a Judicial Officer – First part is permissible – Second category of criticism should best be avoided – No co....
Disparaging remarks against an Investigating Officer must meet a triple test of fairness, evidence, and necessity for the case's resolution.
The court emphasized the importance of preventing abuse of the legal process and securing the ends of justice.
Judicial remarks against individuals must comply with principles of natural justice, necessitating notice and an opportunity for a hearing before issuing adverse comments, particularly for officials.
The judgment established the principle of judicial restraint and the separation of powers, emphasizing that the judiciary should not overstep its jurisdiction by directing disciplinary action against....
Judicial remarks that adversely affect a party's reputation must be made with caution, ensuring the party has an opportunity to defend themselves, and should only be necessary for the adjudication of....
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