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2026 Supreme(Online)(CAT) 1161

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
Om Prakash VII, J, Mohan Pyare, A
Anil Kumar Gupta – Appellant
Versus
Union of India – Respondent
Original Application No.71 of 2016



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Shri Vinod Kumar
For the Respondents: Shri Vijay Kumar Singh

Judicial review in disciplinary proceedings limited to procedural fairness and natural justice; non-statutory vigilance manual violations do not vitiate inquiry without proven prejudice; no re-appreciation of evidence unless perverse.

Headnote:(A) Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985 - Section 19 - Railway Servants (Discipline and Appeal) Rules, 1968 - Rule 9 - Indian Railway Vigilance Manual, 2006 - Paras 103.4, 307.4, 307.5, 704, 705 - Disciplinary proceedings - Vigilance trap for overcharging passengers - Applicant challenged punishment of reduction in pay scale alleging violation of vigilance manual guidelines on trapping, biased inquiry officer from vigilance department, lack of independent witnesses, and procedural irregularities - Held, inquiry officer appointed as per Para 103.4 from dedicated inquiry organization under vigilance control is valid; mere departmental affiliation without evidence of bias does not vitiate proceedings; violations of executive instructions in vigilance manual (non-statutory) do not automatically invalidate inquiry unless prejudice shown; full opportunities provided under D&A Rules; no re-appreciation of evidence in judicial review; principles of natural justice complied with; charges proved on preponderance of probability with some evidence. (Paras 19, 20)

(B) Judicial review in disciplinary matters - Scope limited to checking procedural compliance, natural justice, no evidence, perversity, or extraneous considerations - Not appellate re-appreciation of evidence or proportionality unless shocking to conscience - Courts/tribunals cannot substitute views for disciplinary authorities. (Paras 21-29)

Facts of the case:
Applicant, a railway clerk, trapped by vigilance for overcharging passengers under tatkal scheme and possessing excess cash; suspended, charge-sheeted under major penalty procedure; inquiry proved charges; punished with reduction in pay scale by three stages for five years without cumulative effect; appeal and revision rejected; challenged before Tribunal alleging illegal trap without independent witnesses, biased inquiry by vigilance staff, non-compliance with vigilance manual, non-speaking orders based on suspicion.

Findings of Court:
Departmental inquiry conducted fairly with opportunities to defend; no prejudice from alleged procedural lapses in non-statutory manual; findings supported by evidence; punishment not disproportionate or perverse; no grounds for interference.

Issues: Validity of trap procedure and witness composition under vigilance manual; bias of inquiry officer from vigilance; compliance with natural justice and D&A Rules; scope of judicial review over findings and punishment.

Ratio Decidendi: Executive instructions like vigilance manual guidelines do not confer enforceable rights; total violation plus prejudice needed to vitiate inquiry; dedicated vigilance inquiry wing ensures impartiality absent bias proof; judicial review confined to process legality, not merits or evidence re-evaluation; procedural deviations examined for prejudice, here none found.

Result: Original Application dismissed. No costs.

Table of Content
1. factual background of applicant's appointment and disciplinary proceedings. (Para 2)
2. vigilance trap violated manual procedures and lacked independent witnesses. (Para 3 , 4 , 5)
3. inquiry officer bias and procedural violations per supreme court precedents. (Para 6 , 7 , 14 , 15)
4. inquiry followed vigilance manual; no bias or procedural prejudice shown. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 16)
5. punishment proportionate; no evidence of discrimination. (Para 17)
6. no prejudice from vigilance manual violations; full defense opportunity given. (Para 18 , 19 , 20)
7. limited judicial review in disciplinary matters; no re-appreciation of evidence. (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29)
8. original application dismissed for lack of merit. (Para 30)

ORDER

By Hon’ble Mr. Mohan Pyare, Member (A)

Present Original Application has been filed under Section 19 of the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985, seeking the following relief:

“i) That this Hon’ble Court may graciously be pleased to quash and set-aside all the three impugned orders dated 21.02.2013, passed by respondent no.5, impugned Appellate Order dated 06.05.2013 passed by respondent no.4 and impugned revisional order dated 20.10.2015 passed by respondent no.3 (Annexure A-1 to Annexure-A-3 with Compilation No.1).

ii) That this Hon’ble Court may graciously be pleased to direct the respondents to restore the original pay scale giving all the arrears of the amounts which has already been deducted by way of reducing the time scale of pay.

iii) That this Hon’ble Court may be pleased to direct the respondents to give all the consequential benefits as if said punishment has never been imposed.

iv) That this Hon’ble Court may further be pleased to pass such other and /or further order as deem fit, proper and necessary in the circumstances of the case.

v) award costs to the applicant.”

2. Brief facts of this case are that the applicant was appointed on compassionate ground as commercial clerk on 26.03.1998 and promoted to the cadre of enquiry cum reservation clerk in the year 2003. On 04.06.2012, the applicant was placed under suspension in contemplation of a Departmental Inquiry. Thereafter, the suspension was revoked and a memorandum of charge was served upon the applicant on 12.07.2012 on SF-5 meant for major punishment. An inquiry officer was appointed on 26.07.2012. The applicant submitted an application to the inquiry officer to summon the witnesses on 16.08.2012. On 11.12.2012, the applicant submitted his written defence brief under Rule 9(22) of the Railway Servant (D&A) Rules, 1968. On 31.12.2012, the inquiry officer submitted his report proving both the charges against the applicant against which the applicant submitted his representation to the disciplinary authority on 10.01.2013 seeking opportunity of personal hearing. On 21.02.2013, respondent no.5 imposed the punishment of reduction in pay scale to three stages for five years without cumulative effect. The applicant preferred an appeal on 08.04.2013 which was turned down on 06.05.2013 and the revision preferred by the applicant was also rejected on 20.10.2015. Hence, the present O.A.

3. Submission of learned counsel for the applicant is that while the applicant was performing his duty on 03.06.2012 at tatkal window No.920 for Selling Ticket at Varanasi City Railway Station, applicant was trapped by two Vigilance Inspectors namely Shri V.P. Tripathi and Shri Ramesh Pandey alongwith Shri V.K. Verma, Commercial Superintendent on duty and without letting him refund the balance amounts to the bonafide passengers the Vigilance seized the money for refunding and levelled two allegations i.e. applicant overcharged Rs. 1200/- and Rs. 500/- which was subsequently refunded to the bonafide passengers and that Rs. 1470/- was found excess and thus applicant violated Rule 3(1)(II, II, III) of conduct Rules, 1966. On account of contemplation of departmental inquiry, applicant was placed on suspension vide order dated 04.06.2

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