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2025 Supreme(Online)(CAT) 14013

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
Lata Baswaraj Patne, Judicial Member, Varun Sindhu Kul Kaumudi, Administrative Member
K. Nageswara Rao – Appellant
Versus
Union of India – Respondent
ORIGINAL APPLICATION NO.021/00383/2021



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: K. Siva Reddy
For the Respondents: K. Rajitha

A criminal conviction grants the disciplinary authority power to dismiss a servant without a full departmental inquiry. Judicial review of the quantum of punishment is restricted, restricted only to cases where the penalty is shockingly disproportionate, and parity in punishment requires absolute identity of charges and conduct.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India — Articles 14, 16, 21, and 311(2) — Railway Servants (Discipline and Appeal) Rules, 1968 — Rules 6, 14(i), 18, 20, 21, and 28 — Disciplinary proceedings — Conviction on criminal charge — Dismissal from service — A judicial pronouncement of guilt in a criminal trial constitutes legitimate basis for invoking powers under service rules to impose penalties, including dismissal, without necessity of fresh departmental inquiry, as Article 311(2) gives way to constitutional exception in cases of criminal conviction. (Paras 7, 24)

(B) Administrative Law — Scope of Judicial Review — Quantum of punishment — Courts and Tribunals have limited jurisdiction to interfere with penalty awarded by competent disciplinary authority; such interference is permissible only if the punishment is shockingly disproportionate to the misconduct or based on perverse findings. (Paras 16, 17)

(C) Service Law — Parity in punishment — Principles of equality — Claim for parity in sentencing requires absolute uniformity in nature of charges and subsequent conduct of the delinquents; a co-delinquent obtaining a different penalty does not entitle another to the same if their roles and legal circumstances differ. (Paras 22)

Facts of the case:
The employee, a civil servant, was convicted by a special court for criminal charges including illegal gratification and criminal conspiracy. Following the conviction, the disciplinary authority initiated proceedings under service rules, resulting in the dismissal of the employee from service. The employee’s appeal was rejected by the appellate authority. The employee challenged these orders on grounds of procedural lapses in consulting the prescribed commission and alleged discrimination due to a co-accused receiving a lighter penalty.

Findings of Court:
The court found that the disciplinary action was procedurally valid and that the authorities acted within their jurisdiction. It held that the employee’s guilt had been established by a judicial court, and the penalty of dismissal was not excessive given the gravity of the moral turpitude involved. The court further clarified that the advice from the statutory commission was correctly furnished alongside the appellate order as required by service rules.

Issues: The main issues were whether the dismissal was disproportionate, whether the failure to communicate the commission's advice prior to the appellate order violated natural justice, and whether there was discrimination in the imposition of the penalty compared to a co-accused.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that once a government servant is convicted of a criminal charge, the constitutional protection requiring departmental inquiry is excluded. Furthermore, the court ruled that parity in punishment cannot be claimed when there is no absolute equivalence in the roles played by co-delinquents, and that limited judicial review precludes substituting the court's discretion for that of the competent disciplinary authority regarding the quantum of penalty.

Result: Application dismissed.

Table of Content
1. factual background of the disciplinary action following criminal conviction. (Para 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. evaluation of misconduct and allegations of discriminatory punishment. (Para 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15)
3. adherence to disciplinary rules and sufficiency of procedural compliance. (Para 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21)
4. applicability of article 311(2) and limited judicial review of penalties. (Para 22 , 23 , 24 , 25)

OA/383/2021

ORDER

(As per Hon’ble Varun Sindhu Kul Kaumudi, Administrative Member)

1. By this OA, the applicant has sought the following relief:

“…….to call for records pertaining to proceedings NO. E(O)1-2019/ae-3/SCR/18 dt. 22.3.2021 of Respondent No.1, which was communicated by the respondent No.2 vide proceedings No. SCIt/P-HQ/426(8)/CON/P-9/160 dt. 15.4.2021 along with UPSC advice, wherein the appeal filed by the applicant was rejected and confirmed the penalty order of Dismissal from service vide proceedings No. E (O)I-2017/PU-2/SCR/106 dt. 3.8.2018, which was communicated by the Respondent No.3 on 9.8.2018 by non-speaking order and the same is arbitrary, illegal and violative of Articles 14, 16 and 21 of the Constitution of India and set aside the order passed by the disciplinary authority and appellate authority,

ii) Consequently, direct the respondents to take back the applicant into service with all consequential benefits and to pass such other and further order or orders as this Hon'ble Tribunal may deem fit and proper in the circumstances of the case.”

2. The facts of the case, as submitted by the applicant, are summarised below:

i. The applicant was appointed as a Trained Graduate Teacher by the Railway Recruitment Board and posted in the Vijayawada Division, at Rajahmundry, in the South Central Railway, on 20.11.1993. The Applicant was promoted as Junior Lecturer, which is a zonal post, and transferred to the Hyderabad Division. Thereafter, the applicant was promoted as HM (Gazetted), as a Group B officer, and posted at the RBHS/North Lalaguda, Secunderabad. The applicant discharged his duties to the satisfaction of his higher ups.

ii. While the applicant was working at Lalaguda, Smt. Vijaya Gouri, Sr. Drawing Teacher, RBHS, Lalaguda, in collusion with K. Narasimhulu, Chief Office Superintendent, Sr.DPO/O/SC, made a complaint that the applicant and Narasimhulu, had together demanded an amount of Rs.3,00,000/- for doing favour in managing the vigilance enquiry regarding her caste. In this regard, the applicant submits that, though he was much junior to Vijaya Gouri, he had got promotion on merit. Therefore, she bore grudge against him and hatched a conspiracy, in collusion with the said Narasimhulu, who worked earlier as a TGT, to trap the applicant. The said Narasimhulu approached the applicant and requested him to give surety for a loan to be obtained from Vijaya Gouri for construction of his house as Vijaya Gouri had asked Narasimhulu to make the applicant stand surety. Vijaya Gouri telephoned Narasimhulu on 31.7.2017 that the amount was ready and asked him to bring the applicant for completion of the formalities. The applicant was not aware of the conspiracy hatched by her. For laying a CBI trap, she cooked up a story that the applicant had demanded the amount for favouring her in the inquiry. In fact, no inquiry was pending against her regarding her caste and it was only invented for the purpose of the case. On the basis of the above incident, Respondent No. 2 issued a charge memo under Rule 9 of the Railway (D&A) Rules and the applicant was transferred to Kazipet. Respondents did not proceed with the charge memo.

iii. In the above incident, the CBI filed a charge sheet vide CC 10/2015, on the file of the Principal Special Judge for CBI Cases, Hyderabad, wherein the applicant and Narasimhulu were shown as Al and A2. After an elaborate trial, the Hon'ble C.B.I. Court convicted the applicant and Narasimhulu, by its order, dt. 31.10.2017, and ordered them to

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