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2026 Supreme(Online)(CAT) 2451

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
R.N. Singh, Judicial Member, B. Anand, Administrative Member
Sumeet Kumar – Appellant
Versus
Central Bureau of Investigation – Respondent
Original Application (O.A.)



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Shivanshu Bhardwaj
For the Respondents: Hanu Bhaskar

Dispensation of departmental inquiry under Article 311(2)(b) demands cogent reasons proving impracticability due to witness intimidation or threats; mere allegation gravity or criminal pendency insufficient, holding inquiry is rule.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 311(2)(b) read with Rule 19 CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965 - Dispensation of departmental inquiry - Holding inquiry is rule, dispensation exception - Must record cogent objective reasons showing not reasonably practicable due to compelling circumstances like witness intimidation, threats, or atmosphere of violence - Mere gravity of allegations, pendency of criminal case, or presumptions insufficient - Satisfaction cannot rest on ipse dixit - Judicial review examines if conditions precedent satisfied (Paras 13-15, 32-33, 51-52).

(B) Service Law - Disciplinary proceedings - Cannot pre-judge guilt or invoke extraordinary power pre-trial without attempting regular inquiry - Subsequent charge-sheet, witness examination in criminal trial negates impracticability claim - Discrimination if others get inquiry (Paras 23-26, 51).

(C) Judicial Review - Limited scope but examines legality of invoking Article 311(2)(b) - Orders quashed if unreasoned, mechanical, or without material (Paras 42-43, 57, 60).

Facts of the case:
Applicant, appointed as Lower Division Clerk, faced allegations of criminal conspiracy, misuse of records, theft of stamp while custodian of sensitive file - FIR registered under IPC Sections 120-B, 381, 465, 466 and PC Act Section 7 - Arrested, case under investigation - Dismissed invoking Article 311(2)(b) without inquiry, appeal rejected - Challenged as arbitrary, violating natural justice.

Findings of Court:
Impugned orders quashed for failing to demonstrate impracticability with objective material - No evidence of witness threats or efforts to conduct inquiry - Reasons identical to prior quashed cases - Applicant reinstated with consequential benefits, respondents at liberty to initiate regular proceedings.

Issues: Whether invocation of Article 311(2)(b) justified without recording compelling reasons for impracticability of inquiry; validity of dismissal pre-trial amid ongoing criminal investigation.

Ratio Decidendi: Dispensation under Article 311(2)(b) requires strict proof of circumstances rendering inquiry impracticable, e.g., witness terrorization or indiscipline atmosphere - Not justified by allegation gravity alone or unattempted inquiry process - Prior precedents binding where similar reasons rejected.

Result: O.A. partly allowed.

Table of Content
1. applicant's service history and dismissal background (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11)
2. violation of natural justice and article 311 (Para 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18)
3. bhagwan singh precedent on inquiry dispensation (Para 19 , 20 , 21 , 29 , 30)
4. subsequent events undermine inquiry impracticability (Para 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28)
5. tulsiram patel limits on article 311(2)(b) (Para 31 , 32 , 33 , 34)
6. respondents defend dismissal as lawful (Para 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46)
7. identical reasons to quashed bhagwan singh case (Para 47 , 48 , 49)
8. no objective basis for dispensing inquiry (Para 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60)
9. quash orders, reinstate with liberty to proceed (Para 61 , 62)

ORDER

Hon’ble Mr.B.Anand, Member (A):

By way of filing of this Original Application (O.A.) under Section 19 of the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985, the applicant seeks the following relief(s):

“i) To set-aside and quash the impugned dismissal order dated 24.11.2023, as also the order dated 11.01.2022, being utterly against the procedure of law established under the Indian Constitution and against the principles of natural justice;

ii) To pass any other or as this Hon’ble Tribunal deem fit and proper in view of facts and circumstances of the case;

iii) To allow the present O.A.”

2. Pursuant to notice, the respondents have filed reply and have disputed and contested the claim of the applicant. The applicant has filed rejoinder and reiterated his claim and the grounds pleaded in support thereof.

3. The brief facts of the case are that the applicant joined the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) as Lower Division Clerk (LDC) at Headquarters w.e.f. 10.09.2012 and was posted to CBI, ACB, Delhi. He was subsequently transferred to CBI, EO-I, Delhi in October 2019 and thereafter to CBI, ACB, Mumbai vide order dated 30.12.2020.

4. While posted at Mumbai, allegations arose that the applicant entered into a criminal conspiracy with a private individual associated with a housekeeping agency engaged by M/s Indiabulls Housing Finance Ltd. It was alleged that, being the custodian of a sensitive crime file, he prepared and photographed certain internal note-sheets and shared the same with the said individual with an intent to exert pressure upon the company for obtaining undue advantage. He was also alleged to have misused official records and committed theft of an official stamp.

5. On the basis of these allegations, case FIR No. RC-DAI-2021-A- 0044 dated 21.12.2021 was registered against the applicant and others u/s 120-B, 381, 465, 466of the IPC and Sec. 7 of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The applicant was arrested on 22.12.2021 and the criminal case is stated to be under investigation.

6. Considering the gravity of the allegations, the Disciplinary Authority, invoking the provisions of Article 311(2)(b) of the Constitution of India read with Rule 19 of the CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965, dispensed with the regular departmental inquiry on the ground that it was not reasonably practicable to hold such inquiry and dismissed the applicant from service vide order dated 11.01.2022.

7. Aggrieved, the applicant preferred a departmental appeal, which came to be rejected by the Appellate Authority vide order dated 24.11.2023. Challenging the orders of dismissal and rejection of appeal, the applicant has filed the present O.A. before this Tribunal.

8. Learned counsel for the applicant submits that the applicant was appointed as a Lower Division Clerk (LDC) in the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) on 10.09.2012 and was confirmed as a permanent employee after successful completion of probation. He was transferred and posted to CBI, ACB, Mumbai, with effect from 31.12.2020.

9. On 21.12.2021, an FIR was registered against the applicant under Sections 120-B, 381, 465, 466, 474 of the IPC and Section 7 of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. Consequent thereto, the applicant wa

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