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2026 Supreme(Online)(CAT) 3541

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
M. Swaminathan, Judicial Member, M.L. Srivastava, Administrative Member
R. Ramakrishnan – Appellant
Versus
Union of India – Respondent
OA



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: M/s P.Ayyamperumal
For the Respondents: Mr. Su.Srinivasan, SCGSC

Similarly situated central tax inspectors/superintendents entitled to revised pay scales notionally from 01.01.1996, actual benefits from 21.04.2004, based on parity, Article 14, and precedents; delay not bar for recurring pay claims.

Headnote:(A) Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985 - Section 21 - Pay revision under 5th Central Pay Commission - Inspectors/Preventive Officers and Superintendents in Central Tax and Customs - Entitlement to revised pay scales of Rs.6500-10500 and Rs.7500-12000 notionally w.e.f. 01.01.1996 and actual monetary benefits from 21.04.2004 - Applicant joined as Preventive Officer on 01.04.1987, promoted to Superintendent on 23.09.2002, retired on 28.02.2017 - Prior scales Rs.1640-2900 and Rs.2000-3500 revised but effective from 21.04.2004 instead of 01.01.1996 - Challenge to Office Memoranda dated 21.04.2004, 11.05.2004, 25.07.2023 and speaking order dated 12.08.2025 - Reliefs sought include quashing orders to extent denying benefit w.e.f. 01.01.1996, declaration of entitlement with arrears and 18% interest - Tribunal relied on precedents upholding notional fixation w.e.f. 01.01.1996 for similarly situated employees in CBDT/CBIC under common Department of Revenue, Special Anomaly Committee recommendations implemented retrospectively, principles of equality under Article 14 - Delay/laches rejected as pay fixation recurring cause of action, judgments in rem applicable to all similarly placed - Respondents' contentions on limitation, fence-sitters, in personam orders and policy cut-off rejected. (Paras 2, 21, 26-40)

(B) Service Law - Parity and non-discrimination - Similarly situated employees to be treated alike - Denial of retrospective pay benefits to one set while granting to others violates Article 14 - Judgments granting benefits operate in rem, not confined in personam - Department bound to extend uniformly without fresh litigation - Model employer expected to implement proactively. (Paras 32-37)

Facts of the case:
Applicant challenged denial of revised pay scales w.e.f. 01.01.1996, seeking parity with employees granted benefits via Tribunal/High Court/Supreme Court orders and government letters implementing Special Anomaly Committee recommendations for CBDT, extended to CBIC. Respondents opposed on grounds of limitation under Section 21, delay, in personam nature of precedents, and executive policy fixing benefits from 21.04.2004.

Findings of Court:
Impugned orders set aside; pay to be refixed notionally w.e.f. 01.01.1996 and actual benefits from 21.04.2004 with consequential arrears including pensionary benefits, exercise within two months.

Issues: (1) Entitlement to notional pay fixation w.e.f. 01.01.1996 or only actual from 21.04.2004; (2) Applicability of precedents as in rem to similarly situated; (3) Bar of limitation/delay/laches.

Ratio Decidendi: Once anomaly rectified notionally w.e.f. 01.01.1996 for similarly placed in related departments under same Ministry, parity mandates extension without discrimination; recurring pay fixation overrides delay; uniform implementation required as per equality.

Result: OA allowed.

Table of Content
1. applicant's service history and pay scale dispute. (Para 1 , 2)
2. precedents supporting retrospective pay upgrade from 1996. (Para 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
3. widespread implementation of similar orders. (Para 10 , 11 , 12)
4. limitation, laches, and fence-sitter arguments against relief. (Para 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)
5. background of anomaly committee and prior litigations. (Para 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26)
6. affirmation of hyderabad order for cbic parity. (Para 27 , 28 , 29)
7. no delay bar; parity for similarly situated employees. (Para 30 , 31 , 32 , 33)
8. article 14 equality mandates uniform retrospective benefits. (Para 34 , 35 , 37 , 38)
9. notional pay from 1996, actual from 2004. (Para 39 , 40 , 41)

ORDER

(Pronounced by Hon'ble Mr. M. Swaminathan, Judicial Member)

The applicant has filed the OA seeking the following relief:

“A) ….To call for records and proceedings of the case which led to the passing of the orders I.e (I) Office Memorandum in File No.6/37/98-IC dated 21.04.2004 ie Annexure -A1 and (ii) Office Memorandum in File No.2-26017/65/2003-Ad.II- A(Pt) dated 11.05.2004 i.e Annexure A.2 its subsequent (latest) Office Memorandum in File No. A.26017/65/2003-Ad.II-A(Pt)25.07.2023i.e Annexure A3, (iii)against the speaking order dated 12.08.2025 (Issued F.No.GCCO/II/24/51/2025-CAO- O/o PrCC-CGST-Zone-Chennai) of the 4th respondent (Annexure A-5) and after going though their propriety, legality and constitutional validity be pleased o quash and set aside the same only to the extent it makes the revised pay scale effective from 21.04.2004 instead of 01.01.1996, with further directions to the respondents to grant the benefit of revised scale/grade w.e.f. 01.01.1996 with appropriate pay fixation and actual benefit i.e. grant of Rs.65000-10500 w.e.f. 01.01.1996 to the Preventive Officer (Applicant) and Rs.7500-12000/- wef 01.01.1996 to Superintendent (Applicant)along with actual arrears of pay with 18% interest thereon.

B) To hold and declare that the impugned action of the respondents to revise and pay scale from 21.04.2004 (Annexure-A1) is absolutely arbitrary and illegal and accordingly hold, declare and direct the respondents that the Inspector and Superintendent are entitled to the revised pay scales of Rs.6500- 10500 w.e.f.01.01.1996 to Inspector and Rs.7500- 12000/- w.e.f. 01.01.1996 to Superintendent with all consequential benefits i.e proper pay fixation, and actual arrears of salary, with 18% interest thereon

C) Any other and further additional orders as this Hon'ble Tribunal deems fit and proper in the natural and circumstances of the case may be passed.

D) Cost of the application be provided for.”

2. The facts leading to the filing of the case are as follows:

The applicant joined as Preventive Officer on 01.04.1987 and promoted as Superintendent on 23.09.2002 and as Assistant Commissioner of Customs and Excise on 22.10.2014 and retired from service on 28.02.2017. Prior to 01.01.1996, the pay scale of Inspectors/Preventive Officers/Customs Examiners was Rs. 1640–2900. On promotion to the post of Superintendent/Appraiser, the applicable pay scale was Rs. 2000–3500. Upon implementation of the recommendations of the 5th Central Pay Commission, the pay scale of Inspectors/Customs Examiners/Preventive Officers was revised to Rs. 6500–200–10500, and that of Superintendents/Appraisers was revised to Rs. 7500–12000. However, the revised pay scales were made effective from 21.04.2004 instead of 01.01.1996, the date on which the recommendations of the 5th Central Pay Commission came into effect. Despite various decisions rendered by Tribunals and High Courts across the country, and finally by the Hon’ble Supreme Court, the benefit of the revised pay scales of Rs. 6500–10500 for Inspectors/Customs Examiners/Preventive Officers and Rs. 7500– 12000 for Superintendents/Appraisers was denied to the applicant. Hence, the present OA.

3. The learned Counsel for the applicant invited our attention to the co

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