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CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
M. Swaminathan, J, M. L. Srivastava, A
P. Rajaganapathy – Appellant
Versus
Union of India – Respondent
OA



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: M/s. S. Sankaranarayanan
For the Respondents: Mr. M. Kishore Kumar, SPC.

Inspectors entitled to notional pay upgradation w.e.f. 01.01.1996 and actual benefits from 21.04.2004 based on anomaly committee and parity with similarly situated employees; prior judicial orders bind department uniformly.

Headnote:(A) Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985 - Section 21 - Pay fixation under 5th Central Pay Commission - Upgradation of pay scale for inspectors from Rs.5500-9000 to Rs.6500-10500 - Entitlement to notional fixation w.e.f. 01.01.1996 and actual monetary benefits from 21.04.2004 - Anomaly rectification based on recommendations of Special Anomaly Committee - Similarly situated employees entitled to parity under Article 14 - Dismissal of SLPs does not affirm judgments but prior unchallenged orders bind department - Delay not fatal where recurring cause of action and parity claims arise post judicial finality - Fence-sitters entitled to benefits if similarly circumstanced. (Paras 21, 28, 32, 34, 39)

(B) Service Law - Parity in pay scales - Judgments granting enhanced scales to one set of employees operate in rem for similarly situated, not confined in personam - Department bound to extend uniformly without fresh litigation - Violation of equality if arbitrary distinctions drawn. (Paras 32, 35)

(C) Limitation - Section 21(1) - Pay revision constitutes recurring cause of action; representations post anomaly committee report provide fresh trigger - No condonation needed if claim rooted in ongoing discrimination. (Paras 30, 31)

Facts of the case:
Applicant, promoted to inspector cadre on 23.12.2002, sought upgradation of pay scale w.e.f. 01.01.1996 notionally and actual benefits from date of promotion till retirement on 31.07.2020, relying on prior tribunal, high court and Supreme Court orders granting similar relief to inspectors/superintendents in revenue departments. Respondents opposed on grounds of limitation, laches, fence-sitting and in personam nature of precedents.

Findings of Court:
Notional pay fixation w.e.f. 01.01.1996 upheld; actual monetary benefits from 21.04.2004 with consequential arrears and pensionary benefits directed within two months.

Issues: Entitlement to retrospective pay upgradation; applicability of prior judgments to non-parties; impact of delay/laches; distinction between notional and actual benefits.

Ratio Decidendi: Similarly situated employees entitled to uniform pay benefits per parity principle; prior unchallenged orders bind department across benches; anomaly rectification effective from pay commission date notionally, with actuals from OM date; recurring pay fixation overrides limitation for parity claims.

Result: OA allowed; pay refixation directed notionally w.e.f. 01.01.1996 and actually w.e.f. 21.04.2004 from promotion date 23.12.2002.

Table of Content
1. applicant's career and pay fixation claim from 1996. (Para 1 , 2)
2. precedents support notional pay fixation from 01.01.1996. (Para 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
3. claims barred by limitation and laches. (Para 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)
4. history of anomaly committee and judicial affirmations. (Para 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28)
5. equality mandates benefits for similarly situated employees. (Para 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37)
6. notional pay from 1996, actual from 2004. (Para 38 , 39 , 40 , 41)

ORAL ORDER

(Pronounced by Hon'ble Mr. M. Swaminathan, Judicial Member)

This OA has been filed by the applicant seeking the following relief:

(i) To call for the records of the respondents and to declare that the applicant herein is entitled to the benefits of revised pay scale with effect from 01.01.1996 on actual basis, i.e., from the date when the 5th CPC became operational, based on the judgements/decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court and various High Courts and Tribunals and to set aside/quash the communication in letter DRI F.No.A-21021/05/2023-Chennai, dated 28.08.2025 of the Additional Director, DRI Chennai and the letter F.No.A-26017/50/2025-Ad.IIA, dated 04.08.2025 of the CBIC, New Delhi

(ii) To direct the respondents to grant benefits of revised pay and allowances to the applicant from 23.12.2002 till the time of his retirement on actual basis

(iii) To grant and pay consequential arrears of pay and allowances for the period from 23.12.2002 to the date of his retirement

(iv) To issue revised Pension Payment Order accordingly and to grant and pay the pension arrears and post-retirement benefits along with 18% interest per annum to the applicant as the applicant is a retired government employee of the respondent department

(v) To direct the respondent to pay cost of the litigation to the applicant as the applicant has been deliberately dragged to the Tribunal by the respondent and

(vi) To issue appropriate directions or orders which this Tribunal deems fit, just and proper in the circumstances of the case to meet the ends of justice”.

2. Brief facts of the case, as submitted by the applicant:

The Applicant joined as direct recruit stenographer Gr III and was promoted as Intelligence Office, DRI on 23.12.2002 and was subsequently promoted as Senior Intelligence office, DRI on 08.12.2018. The applicant retired on 31.07.2020 after attaining superannuation. From 23.12.2002, the applicant was working as Intelligence office (Inspector cadre) and was drawing pay and allowance in the pay scale of Rs.1640-60-2600-75-2900. On implementation of 5th pay commission, the pay scale of Inspector of Central Excise was initially fixed in the pay scale of Rs.5500- 175-9000 and the pay scale of Superintendent in the pay scale of Rs.6500-200-10500 effective from 01.01.1996. After acceptance of anomaly in the pay scales, the Union Government refixed in the pay scale of Rs.6500-10500 and Rs.7500-12000 respectively vide Ministry of Finance OM F.No.6/37/98-IC, dated 21.04.2004, giving effect prospectively from 21.04.2004, and not w.e.f 01.01.1996 as it should have been. Therefore, the applicant submitted his representation dated 10.07.2025 requesting to consider upgrading of his pay scale from 5500-9000 to Rs.6500- 10500 w.e.f 23.12.2002 on actual basis and to sanction & pay the consequential arrears of pay and allowances. Till date no response from the respondent. The subject issue had already attained finality and this issue is no more res integra and so, the CBIC, Department of Revenue, New Delhi vide letter F.No.A- 23011/44/2024-Ad-A, dated 10.06.2025 accepted and agreed to implement the orders of Hon’ble High Court and CAT orders. Hence the present OA.

3. The learned Counsel for the applicant invited our attention to the common order dated 09.01.2024 passed by the Hyderabad Bench of the Tribunal in OA No. 1089/2019 & batch, which was upheld by the Hon’ble High Court for the State of Telangana at

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