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1974 Supreme(Online)(Guj) 3

GUJARAT HIGH COURT
Judge, J
Motibhai Nathabhal v. Ramchandra Martandrav Vahivatdar
S. A. No. 655 of 1967



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Mr. Karlekar
For the Respondents: Mr. Patel

The amendments under Section 88-E of the Tenancy Act are not retroactive, protecting previously established rights in tenancy disputes, while valid grounds for termination and future mesne profits were upheld.

Headnote:(A) Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948 - Sections 88-B and 88-E - Notice terminating tenancy - Validity of - The court discusses the exemptions available under Section 88-B and clarity on the necessity of a proper notice for lease terminations under relevant statutes - The requirements of the provable elements for tenancy status, including protected tenant definition, were examined - The appellate law was defined in relation to the amendments made in 1969, impacting the rights of landlords regarding religious institutions - The court holds that the Plaintiff is entitled to recover possession of the suit lands despite challenges of the Defendant's protected tenant status and the subsequent amendments under Section 88-E which are deemed prospective. (Paras 1, 4, 20, 22)

Facts of the case:
The Plaintiff, trustee of Ramji Mandir, issued a notice to terminate the Defendant's tenancy, claiming wastage and non-cultivation of land. The Defendant claimed protected tenant status and contested the notice on various grounds. The trial court ruled in favor of the Plaintiff, and the Appellate Court dismissed the Defendant's appeal.

Findings of Court:
The Plaintiff had valid grounds for terminating tenancy and is entitled to future mesne profits.

Issues: Whether the Defendant holds protected tenant status, if the notice for terminating tenancy was valid, and the applicability of amendments under the Tenancy Act regarding exemption certificates.

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that the amendments in Section 88-E did not retrospectively affect already instituted actions and did not bar the termination of the Defendant's tenancy provided the reasons cited in the notice were valid.

Result: Appeal dismissed; Plaintiff entitled to future mesne profits.

Table of Content
1. establishment of plaintiff's trustee status and property. (Para 1)
2. defendant's appeal and cross-objections process. (Para 2 , 3)
3. defendant's arguments for protected tenancy and errors in lower court. (Para 4 , 5)
4. exemption certificate's validity under s.88 - b and its implications. (Para 6 , 7)
5. review of rights under repealed tenancy act. (Para 8)
6. validity of notice for termination of tenancy. (Para 9 , 10)
7. analysis of s.88 - e and its prospective operation. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18)
8. implications on rights from prospective revocation of exemption certificate. (Para 19)
9. plaintiff's entitlement to future mesne profits. (Para 20)
10. final ruling on tenancy and mesne profits. (Para 21)
11. dismissal of the appeal and orders. (Para 22 , 23)

1. The plaintiff is the trustee of Ramji Mandir at Baroda. The suit lands are the properties of the trust of Ramji Mandir. These lands are situated in the Panchmahals District. On April 26, 1958, the plaintiff obtained an exemption certificate in respect of the suit lands under S.88 - B of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act , 1948 (hereinafter referred to as "the Tenancy Act"). Thereafter, he served upon the defendant a notice terminating his tenancy in respect of the suit lands. It was allied in that notice that the defendant was an annual tenant thereof. This notice was served under S.84 of the Bombay Land Revenue Code and the termination of the tenancy became effective from March 31, 1961. On 31st December, 1960 the defendant sent to the plaintiff reply to the notice by which he denied the claim made by the plaintiff. On August 9, 1961, the plaintiff filed the present suit for recovery of possession of suit lands and for the recovery of rents.

2. In defence, the defendant contended that he was a protected tenant in respect of the suit lands and that, therefore, S.4 - B of the Tenancy Act operated against the termination of his tenancy. The trial Court passed in favour of the plaintiff decree for possession and rent. The defendant appealed to the District Court. The learned Appellate Judge, after hearing the parties, dismissed the appeal. The plaintiff had filed cross - objections before the District Court claiming future mesne profits, which the trial Court had denied to him. They were dismissed.

3. That appellate decree is challenged by the defendant in this second appeal. The plaintiff has filed cross - objections in this second appeal claiming future mesne profits in respect of the suit lands.

4. Mr. Patel, appearing for the original defendant, has raised before me the following four contentions -
(1) On the basis of the plaintiff's case in the plaint the defendant is the annual tenant and his tenancy cannot be terminated hi view of the provisions of S.4 - B of the Tenancy Act.
(2) In view of the fact that the defendant is a protected tenant his tenancy cannot be terminated on account of the provisions of S.4 - B of the Tenancy Act.
(3) The notice terminating the tenancy of the defendant is illegal.
(4) S.88 - E of the Tenancy Act, as inserted by S.31 of the Gujarat Devasthan Inams Abolition Act , 1969, read with the Schedule to the said Act bars the present suit lands.




5. On behalf of the plaintiff Mr. Karlekar has raised the contention that the Courts below were in error in rejecting the plaintiff's claim for future mesne profits in respect of the suit lands.

6. So far as the first contention raised by Mr. Patel is concerned, the plaintiff himself has stated in the plaint that the defendant was an annual tenant in respect of the suit lands. Exhibit 30 is the exemption certificate granted to plaintiff in respect of the suit lands under S.88 - B of the Tenancy Act. It is dated April 26, 1958. Now S.88 - B, so far as it is relevant for the purpose of the present case, provides as under : -
"Nothing in the foregoing provisions except S.3, S.4 - B, 8, 9, 9 - A, 9 - B. 9 - C, 10, 10 - A, 11, 13 and 27 and the provisions of Chapters VI an






























































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