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2026 Supreme(Online)(HP) 2471

IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH, SHIMLA
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE RAKESH KAINTHLA
SHYAM CHANDER PAUL SINGH – Appellant
Versus
NAIN TARA PAUL SINGH – Respondent
RSA/290/2012



Petitioner Advocates:Bhagwati Chander Verma ,Respondent Advocate: ARVIND SHARMA VIKRANT CHANDEL NEERAJ GUPTA GAURAV GAUTAM JANESH GUPTA

Legal Category Hierarchy

  • succession
  • property law
    • adverse possession (Para 7, 8)
    • ownership and title (Para 2, 6, 14, 15, 16, 22)
    • jagir (Para 15, 16)
  • civil procedure
    • substitution of legal representatives (Para 23, 24, 27, 28)
    • appeal (Para 1, 9, 29, 30, 31)

Table of Contents

1. Dispute over ownership of palace complex formerly held by ruler of princely state — claim based on primogeniture versus adverse possession and family settlement. (Para 2 )

2. Appellants argued primogeniture not established and that succession is governed by Hindu Succession Act; respondent relied on concurrent findings and validity of substitution. (Para 11 , 12 )

3. Appeals dismissed; judgment and decree of lower appellate court upheld. (Para 29 , 30 , 31 )

4. Can the widow of a predeceased son be substituted as legal representative in a suit concerning former princely property?

Yes, because she is a Class-I heir under the Hindu Succession Act, and the court must substitute legal heirs upon death of a party during appeal. (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 )

5. Does the rule of lineal primogeniture survive after the commencement of the Hindu Succession Act?

No, the rule of primogeniture stands abrogated except for estates saved under Section 5(ii) by covenant, agreement, or enactment; custom alone is not saved. (Para 20 , 21 , 25 )

6. Can a female claim inheritance to an impartible estate formerly governed by primogeniture?

Yes, after the Hindu Succession Act, succession to male Hindus is governed by the Act, which includes females as legal representatives. (Para 26 )

7. Is the appellate court competent to take into consideration the death of a party and substitute legal heirs during appeal?

Yes, under Order 22 Rule 3 CPC, the court is bound to substitute legal heirs upon the death of a party; there is no infirmity. (Para 27 )

8. Must a party pleading the right to succeed as legal representative prove her relationship?

Yes, but if she specifically states her status in the application and the court finds it correct, it is sufficient proof. (Para 28 )

IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH, SHIMLA

2026:HHC:17118

RSA Nos. 290 and 303 of 2012

Reserved on: 30.3.2026

Date of Decision: 15.5.2026

1. RSA No. 290 of 2012

Shyam Chander Paul Singh & ors. ...Appellants

Versus Nain Tara Paul Singh ...Respondent

2. RSA No. 303 of 2012

Shyam Chander Paul Singh & ors. ...Appellants

Versus hNain Tara Paul Singh ...Respondent

Coram

Hon’ble Mr Justice Rakesh Kainthla, Judge.

Whether approved for reporting? 1Whether reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see the judgment? Yes.

For the Appellants : Mr Mohinder Verma, Advocate, in both the appeals.

For the Respondents : Mr Neeraj Gupta, Senior Advocate, with M/s Ajeet Pal Singh Jaswal, Pranjal Munjal, Harshit Sharma and Saransh Bhardwaj, Advocates, in both the appeals.

Rakesh Kainthla, Judge

The present appeals are directed against the judgment dated 26th March 2012 passed by learned District Judge Shimla H.P. (learned Appellate Court) vide which the judgment and decree dated 1.5.2009, passed by learned Civil Judge (Senior Division) Court No.1, Shimla, HP (learned trial Court) were partly modified. (The parties shall hereinafter be referred to in the same manner as they were arrayed before the learned trial Court for convenience.

2. Briefly stated, the facts giving rise to the present appeal are that the plaintiff filed a civil suit before the learned Trial Court for seeking a declaration that he is the owner-in- possession of the Palace Complex situated in Khasra No. 487, Village Suni, Mauja Barabal, Tehsil Suni and for mandatory injunction directing the defendants to remove themselves, their personal effects and belongings from the aforesaid Palace Complex. A Permanent Prohibitory Injunction for restraining the defendants from interfering with the plaintiff’s possession of the palace was also sought. It was pleaded that the plaintiff was the recognised Ruler of the erstwhile State of Bhajji. A certificate dated 30.3.1984 was issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, to this effect. Plaintiff is the born son of the late Rana Bir Pal Singh of Bhajji State. Late Rana Bir Pal Singh was deposed by the British Government in the year 1939, and the plaintiff was recognised as the Ruler of Bhajji Estate. The plaintiff became the owner-in-possession of the property owned by the Ruler of Bhajji, including the Palace Complex. Plaintiff waus in Government service by virtue of his being a Membero of the Indian Administrative Service from 1952 till 1982 aCnd remained out of Suni in connection with his services. Defendant No. 1 is the plaintiff’s younger brother. The plaintiff entrusted his properties to defendant No.1 as a caretaker. The plaintiff provided money for the upkeep/maintenance of his property. The plaintiff wanted to settle at Suni after his retirement, but Defendant No. 1 created obstructions. The plaintiff demanded the rendition of the accounts, but in vain. The defendant locked the old portion of the Palace Complex and denied access to the plaintiff; hence, the suit was filed to seek the relief mentioned above.

3. The suit was opposed by the defendants by filing a written statement taking preliminary objections regarding the lack of maintainability, the suit having not been properly valued for Court fees and jurisdiction, the suit being barred by limitation, Order II Rule 2 and res judicata, and the plainti being estopped from filing the suit by his act, conduct and acquiescence. The contents of the plaint were denied on the merits. It was asserted that the plaintiff had filed the suit in the Court of learned Senior Sub Judge, Shimla, which was transferred to the Couurt of learned Sub Judge-III, who returned it for presentatioon before the proper Court. The plaintiff filed the suit afterC making additions and alterations that are impermissible. The plaintiff is out of possession, and he has not sought the relief of possession. The mesne profit has been sought for more than three years, which is impermissible. The plaintiff ha

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