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2026 Supreme(Online)(Kar) 21909

THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
E.S. Indiresh, J
Shivananda – Appellant
Versus
St. Marthas Convent – Respondent
RSA No.263 of 2013



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Susheela S., Somanatha H.
For the Respondents: K.V. Dhananjay

In a suit for declaration of title, the burden of proof rests entirely on the plaintiffs to establish their ownership through valid title documents; the weakness of the defendant's case cannot be utilized to grant relief, and revenue records alone do not constitute proof of title.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Section 100 - Suit for declaration and permanent injunction - Burden of proof - In a suit for declaration of title, the burden always lies on the plaintiffs to establish a clear case for granting relief; the weakness of the defendant's case cannot be a ground to grant the relief. (Paras 22, 23, 27)

(B) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Order XLI Rule 27 - Additional evidence in appeal - Appellate court has discretion to admit additional evidence only when it is necessary for pronouncing judgment or for any other substantial cause; such discretion must be exercised judicially and reasons for such admission or rejection must be recorded. (Paras 25-26)

Facts of the case:
Plaintiffs sought a declaration and permanent injunction claiming ownership of a specific extent of land in Survey No.10, contending that they retained the suit schedule property after selling portions to the predecessor-in-title of the defendant. The defendant challenged this, asserting that the plaintiffs failed to produce parental documents of title and that the boundaries in the current suit conflicted with a previous litigation. Both the Trial Court and the First Appellate Court dismissed the suit due to the plaintiffs' failure to prove title.

Findings of Court:
The court noted that revenue documents do not confer title and that the plaintiffs failed to establish the devolution of interest from their predecessor or produce basic title documents. Consequently, concurrent findings of the lower courts were upheld.

Issues: 1. Whether the lower courts erred in their appreciation of documentary evidence regarding ownership and boundary identification. 2. Whether the First Appellate Court erred in rejecting the application for additional evidence.

Ratio Decidendi: In a suit for declaration of title, the plaintiff must prove title based on valid documents; the appellate court should not interfere with concurrent findings unless perverse, and it has no obligation to supplement evidence under Order XLI Rule 27 unless the conditions stipulated thereunder are met.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. overview of the property dispute, background of pleadings, and lower court findings. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11)
2. arguments raised by the appellants regarding title, document misconstruction, and procedural errors. (Para 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18)
3. arguments by the respondent emphasizing the burden of proof and the scope of second appeal. (Para 19 , 20 , 21 , 22)
4. court's findings on the insufficiency of plaintiffs' title documents and the nature of revenue records. (Para 23 , 24)
5. principles regarding the admissibility of additional evidence under order 41 rule 27 and the burden in title suits. (Para 25 , 26 , 27)

THIS REGULAR SECOND APPEAL IS FILED UNDER SECTION 100 OF THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE AGAINST THE JUDGEMENT AND DECREE DATED 10TH DECEMBER, 2012 PASSED IN REGULAR APPEAL NO.55 OF 2011 ON THE FILE OF PRESIDING OFFICER, FAST TRACK COURT, CHIKKAMAGALURU, DISMISSING THE APPEAL AND CONFIRMING THE JUDGEMENT AND DECREE DATED 17TH FEBRUARY, 2011 PASSED IN ORIGINAL SUIT NO.111 OF 2003 ON THE FILE OF SENIOR CIVIL JUDGE, CHIKKAMAGALURU.

THIS REGULAR SECOND APPEAL HAVING BEEN RESERVED FOR ORDERS, COMING ON FOR PRONOUNCEMENT THIS DAY, E.S. INDIRESH J., DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:

CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE E.S.INDIRESH

CAV JUDGMENT

This appeal is preferred by the plaintiffs challenging the judgment and decree dated 10th December, 2012 passed in Regular Appeal No.55 of 2011 on the file of the Presiding Officer, Fast Track Court, Chikkamagaluru (for short, hereinafter referred to as 'First Appellate Court'), dismissing the appeal and confirming the judgment and decree dated 17th February, 2011 passed in Original Suit No.111 of 2003 on the file of the Senior Civil Judge, Chikkamagaluru (for short, hereinafter referred to as 'Trial Court'), wherein the suit of plaintiffs filed for declaration and permanent injunction came to be dismissed.

2. For the sake of convenience, parties in this appeal are referred to as per their ranking before the Trial Court.

3. The plaint averments are that, the plaintiff No.1 inherited 4 acre 35 guntas of land in Survey No.10 of Mudigere Village after the death of his father Basappa Shetty. Thereafter, the plaintiff No.1 sold 1 acre 35 guntas of land in favour of one Bethany Congregations as per registered Sale Deed dated 09th January, 1956 and he gave consent for acquisition of 20 guntas of land for the purpose of construction of B.D.O. Office at Mudigere in the aforementioned land. It is also stated that, 1 acre of the land was given to one Srikantaswamy by the plaintiff No.1 in the aforementioned land. Accordingly, as there are several sub-divisions in the above said land, a new Survey No.10/1Ap was given to the remaining extent of 1 acre 20 guntas. It is averred that, a registered Partition Deed dated 28th June, 1993 was executed in the family of the plaintiffs and as such, suit schedule property along with other properties had fallen to the share of the plaintiffs. It is further stated that, the plaintiffs are in peaceful possession of the suit schedule property.

4. It is further contended in the plaint that the defendant-Institution filed Form No.7 before the Land Tribunal, Mudigere and occupancy right was granted in favour of the defendant-Institution. It is the case of plaintiffs that the defendant being a non-agricultural institution has no authority to secure occupancy right under the provisions of Karnataka Land Reforms Act. It is also stated that the plaintiff No.1 and the deceased plaintiff No.2 had sold an extent of 1 acre 35 guntas in favour of the predecessor-in-title of the defendant as per the registered Sale Deed dated 09th January, 1956 and retained the property bearing Survey No.10/1Ap which is the suit schedule property in the suit, claiming declaratory relief. It is also stated that the Assistant Commissioner, Chikkamgaluru, by order dated 26th February, 2008, confirmed the possession to an extent of 1 acre 34 guntas in land bearing S

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