SupremeToday Landscape Ad
Back
Next
Judicial Analysis Court Copy Headnote Facts Arguments Court observation
Listen Audio Icon Pause Audio Icon
judgment-img

2026 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 48235

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
K. Murali Shankar, J
Sakunthala – Appellant
Versus
Karuppathal – Respondent
S.A.(MD)No.436 of 2023|C.M.P.(MD)Nos.10266 of 2023|2858 of 2024|3104 of 2024



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: R.Suriya Narayanan
For the Respondents: S.Subbiah, G.Aravindan, M.R.Sreenivasan, M.Karuppasamy

A registered Will does not automatically guarantee validity; the propounder must prove its due execution and satisfy the court's conscience by removing all suspicious circumstances. Mere registration cannot substitute mandatory statutory proof of attestation and execution, especially when the document is challenged.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Section 100 - Indian Succession Act, 1925 - Section 63 - Indian Evidence Act, 1872 - Sections 68 and 69 - Proof of Will - Requirement of proving execution - A registered Will carries a presumption regarding its genuineness, but registration cannot substitute the requirement of proving its execution or dispensing with the need to remove suspicious circumstances by satisfying the judicial conscience of the Court. (Paras 16, 24, 26, 29)

(B) Evidence - Secondary Evidence - Loss of document - In the absence of satisfactory proof regarding the loss of an original Will, the foundation for leading secondary evidence through a certified copy is insufficient, and failure to prove handwriting or signatures of the testator or attesting witnesses under the mandated legal framework is fatal to the case. (Paras 27, 28)

Facts of the case:
The dispute involves competing claims by heirs over properties based on two different Wills. The Plaintiff sought a declaration of title based on an earlier Will, whereas the Defendants relied on a subsequent Will that allegedly revoked the earlier one. The trial court dismissed the suit, finding the initial Will unproven and the subsequent Will valid. The appellate court confirmed this, leading to the current appeal.

Findings of Court:
The Courts below concurrently found that the Plaintiff failed to satisfy the legal requirements for proving the execution of the first Will. Conversely, the Defendants successfully proved the existence and execution of the later Will, which effectively revoked the earlier one, and cleared the alleged suspicious circumstances surrounding its execution through testimony and documentation.

Issues: The primary issues were whether the lower courts correctly evaluated the burden of proof regarding the execution of the two Wills and whether the suspicious circumstances identified in the later document were sufficiently addressed.

Ratio Decidendi: Proof of a Will requires clear evidence of execution and attestation in compliance with statutory provisions. Where a Will is challenged as fabricated or surrounded by suspicious circumstances, the burden lies on the propounder to dispel such doubts to the satisfaction of the Court before the document can be deemed a genuine expression of the testator's last wish. Without meeting these stringent evidentiary standards, a claim based on an unsubstantiated document must fail.

Result: Second Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. factual conflict regarding competing wills and title claims. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
2. trial and first appellate court procedural history. (Para 8 , 9 , 10)
3. issues regarding valid proof of competing testamentary instruments. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15)
4. legal standard for proving a will and removing suspicious circumstances. (Para 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24)
5. failure to prove lost will via secondary evidence. (Para 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30)
6. standard for valid execution and attestation of contested wills. (Para 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37)
7. absence of possession proof leads to dismissal of claims. (Para 38 , 39 , 40 , 41)

.JUDGMENT

1.The Second Appeal is directed against the judgment and decree made in A.S.No.84 of 2018 dated 05.08.2022 on the file of the Additional Subordinate Court, Palani, confirming the judgment and decree passed in O.S.No.249 of 2013 dated 05.03.2018 on the file of the District Munsif Court, Palani.

2. The appellant is the plaintiff. She filed the suit in O.S.No.249 of 2013 before the District Munsif Court, Palani, claiming the relief of declaration that the suit properties are belonging to her and for consequential permanent injunction restraining the defendants and their men from in any manner interfering with the plaintiff's peaceful possession and enjoyment of the suit properties and also for permanent injunction restraining the defendants from alienating or encumbering the suit properties.

3. For the sake of convenience and brevity, the parties hereinafter will be referred to as per their status / ranking in the trial Court.

4. The case of the plaintiff, in brief, is as follows:

(a) The suit properties and certain other properties originally belonged to one Muthammal, mother of the first defendant and the grandmother of the plaintiff and the second defendant. The said Muthammal executed a registered Will dated 15.04.1977 while in a sound disposing state of mind, in respect of the suit properties and her other properties, whereby she bequeathed the 'A' schedule properties to the first defendant and the 'B' schedule properties to the plaintiff.

Subsequently, Muthammal sold the 3rd item of the properties, leaving out the suit properties comprised in the 'B' schedule under the Will dated 15.04.1977.

(b) After the death of the said Muthammal on 28.10.1985, the said Will came into force and the plaintiff became the absolute owner of the suit properties. But the defendants claiming rights over the suit properties, attempted to interfere with the plaintiff's peaceful possession and enjoyment of the suit properties and also attempted to encumber the same. Hence, the plaintiff was constrained to file the above suit seeking the reliefs of declaration and permanent injunction.

5. The defence of the defendants 1 to 3, in brief, is as follows:

(a) It is true that the said Muthammal executed a registered Will dated 15.04.1977. But since she subsequently sold certain properties covered under the said Will through three sale deeds, it is false to contend that the above Will came into force. During her life time, the said Muthammal executed another Will dated 12.03.1984, whereunder, she bequeathed a life-estate in favour of her daughter, the first defendant, with the remainder vested in her grandson, the second defendant. The said Muthammal cancelled her first Will dated 15.04.1977 by her second Will dated 12.03.1984. The plaintiff and her husband were fully aware of the later Will of the said Muthammal.

(b) After the death of the said Muthammal on 28.10.1985, the Will dated 12.03.1984 came into effect and the suit properties came into the possession of the first defendant. Subsequently, the first defendant executed a release deed dated 26.08.2013 and in pursuance of the same, the second defendant, son of the first defendant became absolutely also though entitled to the suit properties. The properties are in the possession and enjoyment of the second defendant. The seco

Click Here to Read the rest of this document
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
SupremeToday Portrait Ad
supreme today icon
logo-black

An indispensable Tool for Legal Professionals, Endorsed by Various High Court and Judicial Officers

Please visit our Training & Support
Center or Contact Us for assistance

qr

Scan Me!

India’s Legal research and Law Firm App, Download now!

For Daily Legal Updates, Join us on :

whatsapp-icon Back to top