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2024 Supreme(Online)(NGT) 2319

NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL NEW DELHI (PRINCIPAL BENCH)
PRAKASH SHRIVASTAVA, Chairperson, SUDHIR AGARWAL, Judicial Member, A. SENTHIL VEL, Expert Member
TRINITY COMPLEX APARTMENT OWNERS’ ASSOCIATION – Appellant
Versus
STATE OF KARNATAKA – Respondent
REVIEW APPLICATION NO. 02/2024|ORIGINAL APPLICATION NO. 125/2017 (I.A. No.105/2024 AND I.A. No.106/2024)



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Ms. Rashika Narain, Mr. Raj Panjwani (Amicus Curiae)

Review not applicable to challenge prior statutory environmental compensation orders via Tribunal judgment lacking any such direction; must show patent error on record, not re-argue or substitute appeal remedies.

Headnote:(A) National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 - Review jurisdiction - Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 - Sections 33A, 33B - Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 - Section 5 - Review application seeking review of judgment directing restoration of polluted lakes and prevention of pollutant discharge - No direction in impugned judgment for imposing environmental compensation on review applicant - Compensation order issued by pollution control board much prior to judgment attained finality without appeal - Principles of natural justice and opportunity of hearing not violated by Tribunal as no adverse order passed against applicant - Review not substitute for appeal or challenge to statutory order - Error for review must be apparent on face of record, not requiring reasoning - Review application dismissed, delay condonation and interim relief applications disposed of. (Paras 27-41)

(B) Review - Scope - Not matter of right; cannot re-argue decided issues or substitute statutory remedies - Mere liberty from higher court to pursue remedy does not confer review rights or condone delay - Independent grievances against prior statutory orders to be raised separately, not via review. (Paras 35-37)

Facts of the case:
Suo motu proceedings initiated on media reports of fire and pollution in major lakes due to sewage and waste discharge. Multiple directions issued for restoration, STP installation, encroachment removal, monitoring, and compensation deposits. Review applicant, a residential complex in catchment area, challenged judgment claiming ex-parte compensation direction without hearing, though compensation imposed earlier by pollution board post-inspections and notices.

Findings of Court:
No error apparent on record warranting review; impugned judgment contains no direction against review applicant or for ex-parte compensation; prior compensation order final, challengeable via statutory appeal, not review.

Issues: Whether impugned judgment directed ex-parte environmental compensation without hearing; validity of review on natural justice grounds; scope of review jurisdiction versus statutory remedies.

Ratio Decidendi: Tribunal adheres to natural justice but no prejudice caused as no adverse direction in judgment; review limited to patent errors, not re-hearing or challenging unrelated prior orders; principles from Supreme Court affirm review not appeal in disguise.

Result: Review application dismissed.

Table of Content
1. introduction to review application background. (Para 1 , 2)
2. suo-moto initiation due to bellandur lake fire. (Para 3 , 4 , 5)
3. directions for industry closure and stp compliance. (Para 6 , 7 , 8)
4. kspcb imposed environmental compensation on applicant. (Para 9 , 10 , 17)
5. non-compliance with lake restoration orders noted. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 18)
6. prior review and appeals by apartment federations dismissed. (Para 19 , 20 , 21 , 22)
7. supreme court liberty for review application. (Para 23 , 24 , 25 , 26)
8. no ex-parte tribunal order; kspcb order separate. (Para 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34)
9. review not substitute for appeal; no apparent error. (Para 35 , 36 , 37 , 38)
10. review application dismissed on merits and delay. (Para 39 , 40 , 41)

JUDGMENT

BY HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE SUDHIR AGARWAL, JUDICIAL MEMBER

1. This Review Application has been filed by Trinity Complex Apartment Owners’ Association through its authorised signatory Mr. Soubir Bose, seeking review of Tribunal’s judgment dated 12.03.2021 passed in Original Application (hereinafter referred to as ‘OA’125/2017, Court on its own Motion vs. State of Karnataka.

2. Before dealing with the above applications, we find it appropriate to recapitulate factual matrix in brief.

3. In the electronic and print media, news was published about environmental disaster at Bellandur Lake in Bangalore due to discharge of huge quantity of pollutant around and inside the lake. Bellandur Lake is one of the biggest lakes of the city. The photographs and clippings displayed on the television show that entire lake was on fire emitting highly pollutant gases. The media report published stated that there were thick clouds of smoke which severely hit the traffic and people living around the lake. The pile of garbage around the lake was set on fire and there was total panic. Finding that the above activities are bound to cause adverse impact on the environment, ecology and human health, this Tribunal exercised suo-moto jurisdiction, registered the matter as Suo-Moto Application No. 125/2017 and impleaded following as respondents vide order dated 20.02.2017:

i. State of Karnataka through its Chief Secretary;

ii. Lake Authority of Bangalore;

iii. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change through its Secretary (hereinafter referred to as ‘MoEF&CC’);

iv. Bangalore Municipal Corporation through its Commissioner/Head of the Department;

v. Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (hereinafter referred to as ‘KSPCB’) through its Member Secretary; and vi. Central Pollution Control Board (hereinafter referred to as CPCB’) through its Member Secretary.

4. Notices were issued to the respondents and they were directed to submit reply.

5. Vide order dated 18.05.2017, Tribunal extended the scope to Agara Lake and Varthur Lake.

6. Tribunal issued following directions on 18.05.2017:

“We further pass the following directions:

1. All the 76 industries which have been served with the Notice of closure, as a matter of fact, should be closed. The Deputy Commissioner and the concerned authorities including authorities supplying water and electricity to these industries are hereby directed to ensure disconnection of water and electricity supply to these industries forthwith. Further the Pollution Control Board shall be provided due Police Assistance to execute the order of the Tribunal. The Board shall exercise its power vested under Section 33A of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 read with Section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and to seize the industries, if the need arise.

2. The Joint Inspection Team particularly of Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB) and State Pollution Control Board shall jointly inspect all the STPs that have been installed by the Housing Societies and residential complexes and their analysis report be submitted before the Tribunal. The STPs which are not operating, they shall give a time bound programme to bri

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