J U D G M E N T

Dr Dhananjaya Y Chandrachud, CJI Table of Contents A. Background ................................................................................................... 5 B. The reference and related events .............................................................. 10 C. Submissions ............................................................................................ 19 D. Issues ....................................................................................................... 33 E. Analysis ....................................................................................................... 36 i. The preliminary objection by the Union of India .................................. 36 ii. The scope of Article 30 ........................................................................... 39 a. The purpose of Article 30 (1)................................................................... 44 b. The ‘special protection’ guaranteed by Article 30 (1) .............................. 49 iii. Indicia for a Minority Educational Institution .................................... 55 iv. Applicability of Article 30 to a ‘University’ established before the commencement o