The term "declaration" in the context of criminal law and drug offences generally refers to a formal statement or formalized assertion made by an individual, often in writing, that explicitly states certain facts or intentions. In the context of the provided legal document, a declaration could encompass a formal statement made by the accused or a third party that asserts particular facts relevant to the case, such as ownership, knowledge of the drug, or other relevant circumstances (!) (!) .

However, the document emphasizes that conduct, such as physically handing over a black bag containing drugs, does not constitute a "statement" under the relevant statutory provisions unless it is communicated in a manner that qualifies as a verbal or written communication (!) (!) . The courts have clarified that conduct alone, such as running away or handing over an object, is not regarded as a declaration unless it is explicitly understood as an oral or written assertion conveying specific facts (!) (!) .

Furthermore, the legal principles outlined indicate that a declaration, as a formal statement, must be distinct from conduct and should involve a clear communication of facts, typically in oral or written form, to be admissible as evidence of an assertion or acknowledgment (!) (!) . Conduct, unless it amounts to a statement within the meaning of the law, is generally considered relevant for other purposes, such as establishing knowledge or control, but does not constitute a declaration per se (!) (!) .

In summary, a declaration in this legal context is a formal, communicative statement—either oral or written—that explicitly asserts facts relevant to the case, whereas conduct alone, without such communicative intent, does not qualify as a declaration.