NAVY ACT, 1957
(1) This Act may be called the Navy Act, 1957.
(2) It shall come into force on such date1 as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint.
—————
1. Came into force on 1-1-1958, vide S.R.O. 11(E), dated the 31st December, 1957, published in Gazette of India, Extra., 1958, Pt. II, Sec. 4, p. 81.
(1) The following persons shall be subject to naval law wherever they may be, namely:—
(a) every person belonging to the Indian Navy during the time that he is liable for service under this Act;
(b) every person belonging to the Indian Naval Reserve Forces when he is—
(i) on active service, or
(ii) in or on any property of the naval service including naval establishments, ships and other vessels, aircraft, vehicles and armouries, or
(iii) called up for training or undergoing training in pursuance of regulations made under this Act, until he is duly released from his training, or
(iv) called up
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—
(1) “active service” means service or duty—
(a) during the period of operation of a Proclamation of Emergency issued under clause (1) of article 352 of the Constitution, or
(b) during any period declared by the Central Government by notification in the Official Gazette as a period of active service with reference to any area in which any person or class of persons subject to naval law may be serving;
(2) “Chief of the Naval Staff” means the flag officer appointed by the President as Chief of the Naval Staff or in his absence on leave or otherwise an officer appointed by the Central Government to officiate as such or in the absence of such officiating appoi
The rights conferred by Part III of the Constitution in their application to persons subject to naval law shall be restricted or abrogated to the extent provided in this Act.
The Central Government may raise and maintain a regular naval force and also reserve and auxiliary naval forces.
(1) If any person not otherwise subject to naval law enters into an engagement with the Central Government to serve,—
(a) in a particular ship; or
(b) in such particular ship or in such ships as the Central Government, the Chief of the Naval Staff, or the prescribed officer may, from time to time, determine;
and agrees to become subject to naval law upon entering into the engagement, that person shall, so long as the engagement remains in force and notwithstanding that for the time being he may not be serving in any ship, be subject to naval law.
(2) The Central Government may, by order, direct that subject to such exceptions as may in particular cases be made by or on behalf of the Chief of the Naval Staff, persons of any such class
(1) When members of the regular Army and the Air Force or of either of these forces are serving with members of the Indian Navy or Indian Naval Reserve Force under prescribed conditions, then those members of the regular Army or the Air Force shall exercise such command, if any, and be subject to such discipline as may be prescribed.
(2) Nothing in sub-section (1) shall be deemed to authorise the exercise of powers of punishment by members of the regular Army or the Air Force over members of the Indian Navy or the Indian Naval Reserve Forces, except as provided in clause (e) of sub-section (3) of section 93, or in such cases and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed.
(1) Every master or other person for the time being in command of any merchant or other vessel comprised in a convoy under the command of an officer of the Indian Navy shall obey, in all matters relating to the navigation or security of the convoy, any directions which may be given by such officer, and shall take such precautions for avoiding the enemy as may be required by any such direction.
(2) If any such directions are not obeyed, any such officer or any person acting under his orders may compel obedience by force of arms without being liable for any injury or loss of life or any danger to or loss of property resulting therefrom.
(1) No person who is not a citizen of India shall be eligible for appointment or enrolment in the Indian Navy or the Indian Naval Reserve Forces except with the consent of the Central Government:
Provided that nothing in this section shall render a person ineligible for appointment or enrolment in the Indian Navy or the Indian Naval Reserve Forces on the ground that he is a subject of Nepal.
(2) No woman shall be eligible for appointment for enrolment in the Indian Navy or the Indian Naval Reserve Forces except in such department, branch or other body forming part thereof or attached thereto and subject to such conditions as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette specify in this behalf.
(1) Officers other than subordinate officers shall be appointed by commission granted by the President.
(2) The grant of the commission shall be notified in the Official Gazette and such notification shall be conclusive proof of the grant of such commission.
(3) Subordinate officers shall be appointed in such manner and shall hold such rank as may be prescribed.
(1) Save as otherwise provided in this Act, the terms and conditions of service of sailors, the person authorised to enrol for service as sailors and the manner and procedure of such enrolment shall be such as may be prescribed.
(2) No person shall be enrolled as a sailor in the Indian Navy for a period exceeding 1[twenty years] in the first instance:
Provided that in the case of a minor the said period of 1[twenty years] shall be reckoned from the date on which he attains the age of seventeen.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force,—
(a) the enrolment of any person under this Act shall be binding on him both during his minority and after he attains majority;
Where a person after his enrolment has for a period of three months from the date of such enrolment been in receipt of pay as a sailor, he shall be deemed to have been duly enrolled and shall not thereafter be entitled to claim his discharge on the ground of any irregularity or illegality in his engagement or any other ground whatsoever; and if within the said three months such person claims his discharge, no such irregularity or illegality or other ground shall, until such person is discharged in pursuance of his claim affect his position as a sailor in the naval service or invalidate any proceedings, act or thing taken or done prior to his discharge.
Every officer and every sailor shall, as soon as may be, after appointment or enrolment make and subscribe before the commanding officer of the ship to which he belongs, or the prescribed officer on oath or affirmation in the following form that is to say:—
swear in the name of God
“I......................................do———————————————that
solemnly affirm
I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established and that I will, as in duty bound, honestly and faithfully serve in the naval service and go wherever ordered by sea, land or air, and that I will observe and obey all commands of the President and the commands
(1) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (4), officers and sailors shall be liable to serve in the Indian Navy or the Indian Naval Reserve Forces, as the case may be, until they are duly discharged, dismissed with disgrace, retired, permitted to resign, or released.
(2) No officer shall be at liberty to resign his office except with the permission of the Central Government and no sailor shall be at liberty to resign his post except with the permission of the prescribed officer.
(3) The acceptance of any resignation shall be a matter within the discretion of the Central Government or the officer concerned, as the case may be.
(4) Officers retired or permitted to resign shall be liable to recall to naval service in an emergency in accordance with regulations made under this Act, and on such
(1) Every officer and sailor shall hold office during the pleasure of the President.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Act and the regulations made thereunder,—
(a) the Central Government may dismiss or discharge or retire from the naval service any officer or sailor;
(b) the Chief of the Naval Staff or any prescribed officer may dismiss or discharge from the naval service any sailor.
Subject to the provisions of section 18, a sailor shall be entitled to be discharged at the expiration of the term of service for which he is engaged unless—
(a) such expiration occurs during active service in which case he shall be liable to continue to serve for such further period as may be required by the Chief of the Naval Staff; or
(b) he is re-enrolled in accordance with the regulations made under this Act.
(1) A sailor entitled to be discharged under section 16 shall be discharged with all convenient speed and in any case within one month of his becoming so entitled:
Provided that where a sailor is serving overseas at the time he becomes entitled to be discharged, he shall be returned to India for the purpose of being discharged with all convenient speed, and in any case within three months of his becoming so entitled:
Provided further that where such enrolled person serving overseas does not desire to return to India, he may be discharged at the place where he is at the time.
(2) Every sailor discharged shall be entitled to be conveyed free of cost from any place he may be at the time to any place in India to which he may desire to go.
(3) Notwithsta
Nothing in this Chapter shall affect the award by a naval tribunal of the punishment of dismissal with disgrace, or dismissal from the naval service under this Act.
(1) No person subject to naval law shall, without the express sanction of the Central Government,—
(a) be a member of, or be associated in any way with, any trade union, labour union, political association or with any class of trade unions, labour unions or political associations, or
(b) be a member of, or be associated in any way with, any other society, institution, association or organisation that is not recognised as part of the Armed Forces of the Union or is not of a purely social, recreational or religious nature.
Explanation.—If any question arises as to whether any society, institution, association or organisation is of a purely social, recreational or religious nature, the decision of the Central Government thereon shall be final.
&nbs
(1) If a person belonging to the Indian Naval Reserve Forces is, during the period of his employment under an employer called up for training or called up into actual service with the Indian Navy in pursuance of his liability under any regulations made under this Act, it shall be the duty of every such employer to reinstate the person in his employment on the termination of the period of his training or service with the Indian Navy in an occupation and under conditions not less favourable to him than those which would have been applicable to him had his employment not been so interrupted:
Provided that if the employer refuses to reinstate such person or denies his liability to reinstate such person, or if for any reason reinstatement of such person is represented by the employer to be impracticable, either party may refer the matter to the authority prescribed in this behalf and th
When any person belonging to the Indian Naval Reserve Forces and called up for training or called up into actual service with the Indian Navy in pursuance of his liability under any regulations made under this Act, has any rights under any provident fund or superannuation fund or other scheme for the benefit of employees maintained in connection with the employment he relinquishes, he shall continue, so long as he is engaged in training, or service with the Indian Navy and if he is reinstated, until such reinstatement under the provisions of this Act, to have in respect of such fund or scheme such rights as may be prescribed.
The arms, clothes, equipments, accoutrements or necessaries of any person in the naval service, while subject to naval law, shall not be seized, nor shall the pay and allowances or any part thereof of such person be attached under any process or direction issued by, or by the authority of, any court or public servant in respect of any claim, decree or order enforceable against him.
(1) No person in the naval service shall, so long as he is subject to naval law, be liable to be arrested for debt under any process or direction issued by, or the authority of, any court or public servant.
(2) If any such person is arrested in contravention of the provisions of sub- section (1), the court of public servant by whom or by whose authority such process of direction was issued shall on complaint by the person arrested or by his superior officer enquire into the case and if satisfied that the arrest was made in contravention of sub-section (1), shall make an order for the immediate discharge of the person arrested and may award to the complainant the costs of the complaint to be recoverable in the same manner as if such costs were awarded to him by a decree against the person at whose instance such process or direction was issued.
(1) No president or other member of a court-martial or disciplinary court, no judge advocate, no party to any proceeding before a court-martial or disciplinary court or no advocate or agent of such party, and no witness acting in obedience to a summon to attend a court-martial or disciplinary court shall, while proceeding to, attending or returning from, a court-martial or disciplinary court, be liable to arrest under any civil or revenue process.
(2) If any such person is arrested under any such process, he may be discharged by order of the court-martial or disciplinary court, as the case may be.
(1) If an officer or sailor thinks that he has suffered any personal, oppression, injustice or other ill-treatment at the hands of any superior officer, he may make a complaint in accordance with the regulations made under this Act.
(2) The regulations referred to in sub-section (1) shall provide for the complaint to be forwarded to the Central Government for its consideration if the complainant is not satisfied with the decision on his complaint.
(1) On the presentation to any civil or revenue court by or on behalf of any person in the naval service while subject to naval law of a certificate from the proper naval authority of leave of absence having been granted to or applied for by him for the purpose of prosecuting of defending any suit or other proceeding in such court, the court shall, on the application of such person, arrange, so far as may be possible, for the hearing and final disposal of such suit or other proceeding within the period of the leave so granted or applied for.
(2) The certificate from the proper naval authority shall state the first and last day of the leave granted or applied for and set forth a description of the case with respect to which the leave has been granted or applied for, and shall be duly signed and authenticated by such authority.
(3) No fee
A criminal court before which any proceedings have been taken against a person in the naval service while subject to naval law shall, on application by the Chief of the Naval Staff or the commanding officer of that person, grant copies of the judgement and final orders in the case free of cost and without delay.
The rights and privileges specified in the preceding sections of this Chapter shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of, any other rights and privileges conferred on persons in the naval service while subject to naval law or on members of the regular Army, Navy and Air Force generally by any other law for the time being in force.
No deductions other than those authorised by or under this or any other Act shall be made from the pay, pensions, gratuities, allowances and other benefits due to officers and sailors under any regulations for the time being in force.
The following deductions may be made from the pay and allowances of an officer without recourse to trial by a naval tribunal, namely:—
(1) all pay and allowances for everyday of absence without leave unless an explanation is given to the satisfaction of the commanding officer for such absence and approved by the Chief of the Naval Staff:
Provided that the officer is not dealt with by a naval tribunal for the said absence;
(2) all pay and allowances for everyday while he is in civil or naval custody or under suspension from duty on a charge for an offence of which he is afterwards convicted by a competent naval tribunal or criminal court and sentenced to imprisonment;
(3) all pay and allowances for everyday wh
The following deductions may be made from the pay and allowances of a sailor without recourse to trial by a naval tribunal, namely:—
(1) all pay and allowances for everyday of absence without leave unless an explanation is given to the satisfaction of the commanding officer for such absence;
Provided that the sailor is not dealt with by a naval tribunal for the said absence;
(2) all pay and allowances for everyday he is in confinement on a charge for an offence of which he is afterwards convicted by a competent naval tribunal or criminal court;
(3) all pay and allowances for everyday he is in hospital on account of sickness certified by the prescribed medical officer to have been caused by an act amounting to
Deductions may be made from the pay and allowances of an officer or sailor in respect of any sentence of fine, forfeiture or mulcts of pay and allowances awarded in pursuance of this Act by a naval tribunal.
(1) A person subject to naval law shall be liable to maintain his wife and his legitimate or illegitimate children to the same extent as if he were not so subject; but the execution or enforcement of any decree or order for maintenance passed or made against such person shall not be directed against his person, pay, arms, ammunition, equipments, instruments or clothing.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1),—
(a) where it appears to the satisfaction of the Central Government or the Chief of the Naval Staff or the prescribed authority that a person subject to naval law has without reasonable cause deserted or left in destitute circumstances his wife or any legitimate child unable to maintain himself or has by reason of contracting a second marriage become liable to provide separate maintenance to his first wife
Except when the deductions are made under sub-sections (1), (2) and (4) of section 28 or sub-sections (1) and (2) of section 29, the total deductions from the pay and allowances of an officer or sailor shall not exceed in any one month one-half of his pay and allowances for that month.
(1) Any deduction from the pay and allowances authorised by or under this Act may be remitted by the Chief of the Naval Staff in his discretion.
(2) Such deduction may also be remitted in such manner and to such extent and by such other authority as may be prescribed.
Every flag officer, captain or other person subject to naval law who, being in command on any ship, vessel or aircraft of the Indian Navy, or any naval establishment—
(a) fails to use his utmost exertions to bring into action any such ship, vessel or, aircraft which it is his duty to bring into action; or
(b) surrenders any such ship vessel or aircraft to the enemy when it is capable of being successfully defended or destroyed; or
(c) fails to pursue the enemy whom it is his duty to pursue or to assist to the utmost of his ability any friend whom it is his duty to assist; or
(d) in the course of any action by or against the enemy improperly withdraws from the action or from his station or fails in his own person and a
Every person subject to naval law who, not being in command of any naval establishment or any ship, vessel or aircraft of the Indian Navy, fails when ordered to prepare for action by or against the enemy, or during any such action, to use his utmost exertions to carry the lawful orders of his superior officers into execution shall,—
(a) if such act is committed with intent to assist the enemy, be punished with death or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned; and
(b) in any other case, be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law who wilfully delays or discourages upon any pretext whatsoever, any action or service which has been commanded on the part of the Navy, regular Army, or Air Force or of any forces co-operating therewith shall,—
(a) if such act is committed with intent to assist the enemy, be punished with death or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned; and
(b) in any other case, be punished with imprisonment which may extend to seven years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law who, being in the presence or vicinity of the enemy or having been ordered to be prepared for action by or against the enemy—
(a) deserts his post; or
(b) sleeps upon his watch,
shall be punished with death or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person not otherwise subject to naval law who is or acts as a spy for the enemy shall be punished under this act with death or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned as if he were a person subject to naval law.
Every person subject to naval law, who,—
(a) traitorously holds correspondence with the enemy or gives intelligence to the enemy; or
(b) fails to make known to the proper authorities any information he may have received from the enemy; or
(c) assists the enemy with any supplies; or
(d) having been made a prisoner of war, voluntarily serves with or aids to enemy,
shall be punished with death or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law who without any traitorous intention holds any improper communication with the enemy shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to fourteen years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law, who,—
(a) deserts his post; or
(b) sleeps upon his watch; or
(c) fails to perform or negligently performs the duty imposed on him; or
(d) wilfully conceals any words, practice or design tending to the hindrance of the naval service,
shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Mutiny means any assembly or combination of two or more persons subject to naval law, the Army Act, 1950 (46 of 1950), or the Air Force Act, 1950 (45 of 1950), or between persons two at least of whom are subject to naval law or any such Act,—
(a) to overthrow or resist lawful authority in the Navy, regular Army or Air Force or any part of any one or more of them or any forces co-operating therewith or any part thereof; or
(b) to disobey such authority in such circumstances as to make the disobedience subversive of discipline or with the object of avoiding any duty or service against, or in connection with operations against, the enemy; or
(c) to show contempt to such authority in such circumstances as to make such conduct subversive of discipline; or
&nbs
Every person subject to naval law, who,—
(a) joins in a mutiny; or
(b) begins, incites, causes or conspires with any other persons to cause a mutiny; or
(c) endeavours to incite any person to join in a mutiny or to commit an act of mutiny; or
(d) endeavours to seduce any person in the regular Army, Navy or Air Force from his allegiance to the Constitution or loyalty to the State or duty to his superior officers or uses any means to compel or induce any such person to abstain from acting against the enemy or discourage such person from acting against the enemy; or
(e) does not use his utmost exertions to suppress or prevent a mutiny; or
&nb
Every person not otherwise subject to naval law who being on board any ship or aircraft of the Indian Navy or on board any ship in the service of the Government endeavours to seduce from his allegiance to the Constitution or loyalty to the State or duty to superior officers any person subject to naval law shall be punished under this Act with death or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned as if he were a person subject to naval law.
Every person subject to naval law who commits any of the following offences that is to say,—
(a) strikes or attempts to strike his superior officer; or
(b) draws or lifts up any weapon against such officer; or
(c) uses or attempts to use any violence against such officer,
shall be punished,—
if the offence is committed on active service with imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned; and
in any other case, with imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law who is guilty of ill-treating any other person subject to such law, being his subordinate in rank or position, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law, who,—
(a) wilfully disobeys any lawful command of his superior officer; or
(b) in the presence of his superior officer, or otherwise shows or expresses his intention to disobey a lawful command given by such superior officer; or
(c) uses insubordinate, threatening or insulting language to his superior officer; or
(d) behaves with contempt to his superior officer,
shall, if the offence is committed on active service or in a manner to show wilful defiance of authority, be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned and in other, cases be punished with imprisonment f
Every person subject to naval law, who,—
(a) quarrels, fights with or strikes any other person, whether such person is or is not subject to naval law; or
(b) uses reproachful or provoking speeches or gestures tending to make a quarrel or disturbance; or
(c) behaves in a disorderly manner,
shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
(1) Every person subject to naval law who absents himself from his ship or from the place where his duty requires him to be, with an intention of not returning to such ship or place, or who at any time and under any circumstances when absent from his ship or place of duty does any act which shows that he has an intention of not returning to such ship or place is said to desert.
(2) Every person who deserts shall,—
(a) if he deserts to the enemy, be punished with death or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned; or
(b) if he deserts under any other circumstances, be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to fourteen years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned,
and in every such case he shall fo
Every person subject to naval law who endeavours to seduce any other person subject to naval law to desert shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law who without being guilty of desertion improperly leaves his ship or place of duty or any place where he is required to be or is absent without leave shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned and shall also be punished by such mulcts of pay and allowances as may be prescribed.
(1) Every person subject to naval law who is guilty of drunkenness shall, if the offence is committed on active service, be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned and in other cases be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
(2) For the purpose of sub-section (1), a person shall be deemed to be guilty of drunkenness if owing to the influence of alcohol or any drug whether alone or in combination with any other circumstances, he is unfit to be entrusted with his duty or with any duty which he may be called upon to perform or behaves in a disorderly manner or in a manner likely to bring discredit to the naval service.
Every person subject to naval law who is guilty of,—
(a) uncleanness; or
(b) any indecent act,
shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
(1) Every officer subject to naval law who is guilty of cruelty shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
(2) Every officer subject to naval law who is guilty of any scandalous or fraudulent conduct or of any conduct unbecoming the character of an officer shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
(1) Every person subject to naval law who wilfully loses, strands or hazards or suffers to be lost, stranded or hazarded any ship of the Indian Navy or in the service of the Government, or loses or suffers to be lost any aircraft of the Indian Navy or in the service of the Government shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to fourteen years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
(2) Every person subject to naval law who negligently or by any default loses, strands or hazards or suffers to be lost, stranded or hazarded any ship of the Indian Navy or in the service of the Government, or loses or suffers to be lost any aircraft of the Indian Navy or in the service of the Government shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law, who is guilty of any act or neglect in flying or in the use of any aircraft of the Indian Navy or in relation to any such aircraft or aircraft material, which causes or is likely to cause loss of life or bodily injury to any person shall,—
(a) if he acts wilfully or with wilful neglect, be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to fourteen years 1[or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned]; and
(b) in any other case be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
—————
1. Ins. by Act 48 of 1982, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 16-10-1982).
Every person subject to naval law who signs any certificate in relation to an aircraft or aircraft material belonging to or in the service of the Government without ensuring the accuracy thereof, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law being the pilot of an aircraft of the Indian Navy, who,—
(a) flies it at a height less than the minimum height authorised by his commanding officer or appropriate service authority except while taking off or landing, or
(b) flies it so as to cause or likely to cause unnecessary annoyance to any person,
shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law, who, while he is in an aircraft belonging to or in the use of the Government, disobeys any lawful command given by the captain of the aircraft, whether such captain is subject to naval law or not, in relation to all matters relating to flying or handling of the aircraft or affecting the safety thereof shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to fourteen years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
(1) All officers appointed for the convoy and protection of any ships or vessels shall diligently perform their duty without delay according to their instructions in that behalf.
(2) Every such officer subject to naval law, who,—
(a) does not defend the ships and goods under his convoy without deviation to any other objects; or
(b) refuses to fight in their defence if they are assailed; or
(c) cowardly abandons and exposes the ships in his convoy to hazard; or
(d) demands or exacts any money or other reward from any merchant or master for convoying any ships or vessels entrusted to his care; or
(e) misuses the masters or
Every officer subject to naval law in command of any ship of the Indian Navy who receives on board or permits to be received on board such ship any goods or merchandise whatsoever other than for the sole use of the ship or persons belonging to the ship, except goods and merchandise on board any ship which may be ship-wrecked or in imminent danger either on the high seas or in some port, creek, or harbour, for the purpose of preserving them for their proper owners, or except such goods or merchandise as he may at any time be ordered to take or receive on board by order of the Central Government or his superior officer, shall be punished with dismissal from the naval service or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law who wastefully expends or fraudulently buys, sells or receives any property of Government or property belonging to a naval, military or air force mess, band or institution, and every person who knowingly permits any such wasteful expenditure, or any such fraudulent purchase, sale or receipt, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law who unlawfully sets fire to any dockyard, victualling yard or steam factory yard, arsenal, magazine, building stores or to any ship, vessel, hoy, barge, boat, aircraft, or other craft or furniture thereunto belonging, not being the property of an enemy, shall be punished with death or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law—
(a) who knowingly makes or signs a false report, return, list, certificate, book, muster or other document to be used for official purposes; or
(b) who commands, counsels or procures the making or signing thereof; or
(c) who aids or abets any other person in the making or signing thereof; or
(d) who knowingly makes, commands, counsels or procures the making of, a false or fraudulent statement or a fraudulent omission in any such document,
shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law—
(a) who wilfully does any act or wilfully disobeys any orders whether in hospital or elsewhere with intent to produce or to aggravate any disease or infirmity or to delay his cure; or
(b) who feigns any disease, infirmity or inability to perform his duty,
shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law who has any cause of complaint either of the unwholesomeness of the victuals or upon any other just ground shall quietly make the same known to his superior or captain or to the Chief of the Naval Staff shall, in accordance with the prescribed channels of communication and the said superior captain or Chief of the Naval Staff, as far as he is able, cause the same to be presently remedied; and every person subject to naval law who upon any pretence whatever attempts to stir up any disturbance shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to fourteen years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
(1) All the papers, charter-parties, bills of lading, passports and other writings whatsoever that shall be taken, seized, or found aboard any ships which are taken as prize, shall be duly preserved and the commanding officer of the ship which takes such prize shall send the originals entire and without fraud to the court of competent jurisdiction or such other court or commissioners as shall be authorised to determine whether such prize be lawful capture, there to be viewed, made use of and proceeded upon according to law.
(2) Every commanding officer who wilfully fails to send the papers, charter-parties, bills of lading, passports or other writings whatsoever that shall be taken, seized or found aboard any ships which are taken as prize to the proper court or other authority shall be punished with dismissal from the naval service or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentio
Every person subject to naval law who takes out of any prize or ship seized for prize, any money, plate, or goods, unless it is necessary for the better securing thereof, or for the necessary use and service of any ships of war of the Indian Navy, before the same be adjudged lawful prize in a court of competent jurisdiction, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned, and in addition shall forfeit and lose his share of the capture.
Every person subject to naval law who in any sort pillages, beats, or ill-treats officers, mariners or other persons on board a ship or vessel taken as prize or who unlawfully strips them of their clothes, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every commanding officer of ship of the Indian Navy subject to naval law, who,—
(a) by collusion with the enemy takes as prize any vessel, goods or thing; or
(b) unlawfully agrees with any person for the ransoming of any vessel, goods or thing taken as prize; or
(c) in pursuance of any unlawful agreement for ransoming or otherwise by collusion actually quits or restores any vessel, goods or thing taken as prize,
shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law who breaks bulk on board any vessel taken as prize, or detained in the exercise of any belligerent right or under any law relating to piracy or to the slave trade or to the customs, with intent dishonestly to misappropriate anything therein or belonging thereto, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law who neglects to obey or contravenes any provisions of this Act or any regulation made under this Act or any general or local order, shall, unless other punishment is provided in this Act for such neglect or contravention, be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law, who,—
(a) being duly summoned or ordered to attend as a witness before a court-martial wilfully or without reasonable excuse fails to attend; or
(b) refuses to take an oath or make an affirmation legally required by a court-martial to be taken or made; or
(c) being sworn, refuses to answer any questions which he is in law bound to answer; or
(d) refuses to produce or deliver up a document in his power which the court may legally demand; or
(e) is guilty of contempt of court-martial,
shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or such other punishment as
Every person who upon entry into or offering himself to enter the naval service wilfully makes or gives any false statement whether orally or in writing to any officer or person authorised to enter or enrol sailors or others in or for such naval service, shall, if he has become subject to naval law, be punished with imprisonment of a term which may extend to five years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law who being in lawful custody escapes or attempts to escape from such custody shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law, who,—
(a) does not use his utmost endeavours to detect, apprehend or bring to punishment all offenders against this Act; or
(b) does not assist the officers appointed for that purpose,
shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every member of the Indian Naval Reserve Forces and every person belonging to any auxiliary forces raised under this Act who, when called up for training or when called up into actual service with the Indian Navy in pursuance of the regulations made under this Act, and required by such call to join any ship or attend at any place, fails without reasonable excuse to comply with such requirement, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law who is guilty of an act, disorder, or neglect to the prejudice of good order and naval discipline, not hereinbefore specified, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Every person subject to naval law who attempts to commit any of the offences specified in sections 34 to 74 and 76 and in such attempt does any act towards the commission of the offence shall, where no express provision is made by this Act for the punishment of such attempt, be punished—
(a) if the offence attempted to be committed is punishable with death, with imprisonment for a term which may extend to fourteen years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned, and
(b) if the offence attempted to be committed is punishable with imprisonment, with one-half of the maximum punishment provided for the offence or with such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
Any person subject to naval law who abets the commission of any of the offences specified in sections 34 to 74 shall, whether the act abetted is committed or not in consequence of the abetment, and where no express provision is made by this Act for the punishment of such abetment, be punished with the punishment provided for that offence.
(1) Every person subject to naval law who commits a civil offence punishable with death or with imprisonment for life shall be punished with the punishment assigned for that offence.
(2) Every person subject to naval law who commits any other civil offence shall be punished either with the punishment assigned for the offence or with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned.
(1) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), every person subject to naval law who is charged with a naval offence or a civil offence may be tried and punished under this Act regardless of where the alleged offence was committed.
(2) A person subject to naval law who commits an offence of murder against a person not subject to army, naval or air force law or an offence of culpable homicide not amounting to murder against such person or an offence of rape in relation to such person shall not be tried and punished under this Act unless he commits any of the said offences—
(a) while on active service; or
(b) at any place outside India; or
(c) at any place specified by the Central Government by notification in this behalf.
No person unless he is an offender who has avoided apprehension or fled from justice or committed the offence of desertion or fraudulent entry or the offence of mutiny shall be tried or punished in pursuance of this Act for any offence committed by him unless such trial commences within three years from the commission of such offence:
Provided that in the computation of the said period of three years any time during which an offender was outside India or any time during which he was a prisoner of war shall be deducted:
1[Provided further that in computation of the said period of three years, any time during which,—
(a) the commission of the offence was not known to the person aggrieved by the offence or to the authority competent to initiate action, the first day on which such offence
When any offence mentioned in this Chapter has been committed by any person while subject to naval law and such person has since the commission of the offence ceased to be subject to naval law, he may be taken into and kept in custody, tried and punished under this Act for such offence in like manner as he may have been taken into and kept in custody, tried and punished if he had continued subject to naval law:
Provided that he shall not be tried for such offence except in the case of an offence of mutiny or desertion, unless the trial against him commences within six months after he has ceased to be so subject.
(1) The following punishments may be inflicted under this Act, namely:—
(a) death;
(b) imprisonment which may be for the term of life or any other lesser term;
(c) dismissal with disgrace from the naval service;
(d) detention;
(e) dismissal from the naval service;
(f) forfeiture of seniority in rank in the case of officers 1[and master chief petty officers];
(g) forfeiture of time for promotion in the case of 2[officers below the rank of commander and master chief petty officers];
(h) dismissal from the ship
(1) The punishments that may be inflicted under this Act shall be awarded in accordance with the provisions of the following sub-sections.
(2) Except in the case of mutiny in time of war or on active service, the punishment of death shall not be inflicted on any offender until the sentence has been confirmed by the Central Government.
(3) The punishment of imprisonment for a term exceeding two years shall in all cases be accompanied by a sentence of dismissal with disgrace from the naval service.
(4) The punishment of imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years may in all cases be accompanied by a sentence of dismissal with disgrace or dismissal from the naval service:
Provided that in the case of officers, unless the sentence of dismissal with
(1) The Chief of the Naval Staff, every officer in command of a fleet or squadron of ships of the Indian Navy or of any ship of the Indian Navy or the senior officer present at a port or an officer having by virtue of sub-section (2) and (3) of sections 93 power to try offences, may, by warrant under his hand, authorise any person to arrest any offender subject to naval law for any offence triable under this Act mentioned in such warrant and any such warrant may include the names of more persons that one in respect of several offences of the same nature.
(2) Any person named in any such warrant as aforesaid may forthwith on his arrest, if the warrant so directs, be taken to the ship of the Indian Navy to which he belongs or some other ship of the Indian Navy.
(3) A person authorised to arrest an offender may use such force as may be nece
(1) Any person subject to naval law may be ordered without warrant into naval custody by any superior officer for any offence triable under this Act.
(2) A person subject to naval law may arrest without warrant any other person subject to naval law though he may be of a higher rank who in his view commits an offence punishable with death, or imprisonment for life or for a term which may extend to fourteen years.
(3) A provost-marshal may arrest any person subject to naval law in accordance with the provisions of section 89.
(4) It shall be lawful for the purpose of effecting arrest, or taking a person into custody, without warrant to use such force as may be necessary for the purpose.
(1) No person subject to naval law who is arrested under this Act shall be detained in naval custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest.
(2) Every person subject to naval law who is arrested and detained in naval custody shall be produced before his commanding officer or other officer prescribed in this behalf within a period of forty-eight hours of such arrest excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to such commanding or other officer and no such person shall be detained in custody beyond the said period without the authority of such commanding or other officer.
The charge made against any person subject to naval law taken into custody shall without any unnecessary delay be investigated by the proper authority and as soon as may be either proceedings shall be taken for the trial or such person shall be discharged from custody.
(1) The commanding officer shall be responsible for the safe custody of every person who is in naval custody on board his ship or in his establishment.
(2) The officer or sailor in charge of a guard, or a provost-marshal shall receive and keep any person who is duly committed to his custody.
Subject to the provisions of this Act, the procedure before trial and the manner of investigation shall be as prescribed.
(1) Provost-marshals may be appointed by the Chief of the Naval Staff or the prescribed officer.
(2) The duties of a provost-marshal are to take charge of persons in naval custody, to preserve good order and discipline and to prevent breaches of the same by persons subject to naval law or to the law in force relating to the government of the regular Army or the Air Force.
(3) A provost-marshal may at any time arrest and detain for trial any person subject to naval law who commits, or is charged with, an offence and may also carry into effect any punishment to be inflicted in pursuance of sentence passed under this Act, but shall not inflict any punishment on his own authority:
Provided that no officer shall be so arrested or detained otherwise than on the order of another officer.
&nb
For every distinct offence of which any person is accused, there shall be separate charge but except as otherwise provided by regulations made under this Act all separate charges may be tried together.
If a single act or series of acts is of such a nature that it is doubtful which of several offences the facts which can be proved will constitute, the accused may be charged with having committed all or any of such offences, and any number of such charges may be tried at one trial; or he may be charged in the alternative with having committed some one of the said offences.
The following persons may be charged and tried together, namely:—
(i) persons accused of the same offence committed in the course of the same transaction;
(ii) persons accused of an offence and persons accused of abetment of, or an attempt to commit, such offence; and
(iii) persons accused of different offences committed in the course of the same transaction:
Provided that in a trial by a court-martial, the trial judge advocate may, on the application made in this behalf by any accused, direct that each of the accused be tried separately by the same court-martial.
(1) An offence triable under this Act may be tried and punished by court-martial.
(2) An offence not capital which is triable under this Act and which is committed by a person other than an officer (and in cases by this Act expressly provided for when committed by an officer), may, subject to regulations made under this Act be summarily tried and punished by the commanding officer of the ship to which the offender belongs at the time either of the commission or of the trial of the offence, subject to the restriction that the commanding officer shall not have power to award imprisonment or detention for more than three months, or to award dismissal with disgrace from the naval service:
Provided that no sentence of imprisonment or dismissal shall be carried into effect until approved by the prescribed authorities.
&nbs
1[(1) The Central Government may impose on any officer below the rank of commander one or more of the following punishments, namely:—
(a) forfeiture of seniority in rank of not more than twelve months;
(b) forfeiture of time for promotion of not more than twelve months;
(c) mulcts of pay and allowances.
(2) The Chief of the Naval Staff may impose on any officer below the rank of commander one or more of the following punishments, namely:—
(a) forfeiture of seniority in rank of not more than six months;
(b) forfeiture of time for promotion of not more than six months;
(c)
When an officer is, in time of war or during active service, alleged to have been guilty of a disciplinary offence, that is to say, of a breach of sections 41, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 68, and 74 or of any of those sections read with section 75 or 76, the officer having the power to order a court-martial may, if he considers the offence to be of such a character as not to necessitate trial by court-martial, in lieu of ordering a court-martial, order a disciplinary court constituted as hereinafter mentioned.
(1) A disciplinary court shall be composed of not less than three nor more than five officers:
Provided that the majority of the officers including the president shall be officers of the executive branch of the naval service.
(2) At least one of these officers composing the court shall be superior in rank to the officer under trial and in any case shall be of the rank of substantive or acting commander or of a higher rank.
(3) A disciplinary court shall have power to impose any punishment inferior to detention in the scale hereinbefore contained, but no greater punishment.
(4) The officers composing the disciplinary court shall be named by the authority ordering the same or by an officer empowered in this behalf by such authority.
&nb
(1) Courts-martial shall be constituted and convened subject to the provisions of the following sub-sections.
(2) The President, the Chief of the Naval Staff, or any officer empowered in this behalf by commission from the Chief of the Naval Staff shall have the power to order courts-martial for the trial of offences under this Act.
(3) Unless otherwise prescribed in respect of any specified port or station, an officer holding a commission from the Chief of the Naval Staff to order court martial shall not be empowered to do so if there is present at the place where such court-martial is to be held an officer superior in rank to himself and in command of one or more of the ships of the Indian Navy although such last mentioned officer may not hold a commission to order courts-martial and in such a case such last mentioned officer may order
A court-martial may be held ashore or afloat.
(1) Every court-martial shall be attended by a person (in this Act referred to as the trial judge advocate) who shall be either a judge advocate in the department of the Judge Advocate General of the Navy or any fit person appointed by the convening officer:
Provided that in the case of a court-martial for the trial of a capital offence the trial judge advocate shall be a person nominated by the Judge Advocate General of the Navy unless such trial is held outside Indian waters.
(2) The trial judge advocate shall administer oath to every witness at the trial and shall perform such other duties as are provided in this Act and as may be prescribed.
The place in which a court-martial is held for the purpose of trying an offence under this Act shall be deemed to be an open court to which the public generally may have access, so far as the same can conveniently contain them:
Provided that, if the court is satisfied that it is necessary or expedient in the public interest, for the ends of justice so to do, the court may at any stage of the trial of any particular case order that the public generally or any portion thereof or any particular person shall not have access to, or be or remain in, the place in which the court is held.
(1) As soon as the court has been assembled the accused shall be brought before it and the prosecutor, the person or persons, if any defending the accused and the audience admitted.
(2) Except where the accused defends himself, he may be defended by such person or persons as may be prescribed.
(3) The trial judge advocate shall read out the warrant for assembling the court and the names of officers who are exempted from attending under sub-section (20) of section 97 together with the reasons for such exemption.
(4) The trial judge advocate shall read out the names of the officers composing the court and shall ask the prosecutor whether he objects to any of them.
(5) If the prosecutor shall have made no objection or after any objection made by the pr
The following provisions shall apply to the disposal of objections raised by the prosecutor as well as the accused:—
(a) any member may be objected to on a ground which affects his competency to act as an impartial judge; and the trial judge advocate may reject summarily without reference to the members of the court any objection not made on such grounds;
(b) objections to members shall be decided separately, those to the officer lowest in rank being taken first : provided that if the objection is to the president, such objection shall be decided first and all the other members whether objected to or not shall vote as to the disposal of the objection;
(c) on an objection being allowed by one-half or more of the Officers entitled to decide the objection, the member objec
(1) The trial judge advocate shall then ask the accused whether he has any further objections to make respecting the constitution of the court; and should the accused raise any such objection, it shall then be decided by the court, which decision shall be final and the constitution of the court-martial shall not be after wards impeached and it shall be deemed in all respects to have been duly constituted.
(2) If the accused should have no further objection to make to the constitution of the court or if any objection is disallowed, the members and the trial judge advocate shall then make an oath or affirmation in the form set out in section 104.
(1) Before the court shall proceed to try the person charged, an oath or affirmation in the following form and manner shall be administered to the president and every member of the court-martial in the order of their seniority by the trial judge advocate:—
swear in the name of God
“I....................................do————————————————
solemnly affirm
that I will duly and faithfully and to the best of my ability, knowledge and judgment administer justice according to law, without fear or favour, affection or ill-will, and that I will not on any account at any time whatsoever disclose or discover the vote or
(1) When the court is ready to commence the trial, the trial judge advocate shall read out the charges and shall ask the accused whether he pleads guilty or not guilty.
(2) If the accused pleads guilty, then, before such plea is recorded, the trial judge advocate shall ensure that the accused understands the charge to which he has pleaded guilty and the difference of procedure which will result from the plea of guilty.
(3) If it appears from the accused’s replies or from the summary of evidence prepared in the prescribed manner that he should not plead guilty, the trial judge advocate may advise the accused to withdraw his plea.
(4) If the court accepts the plea of guilty, it shall be recorded as the finding of the court and the court shall proceed to take steps to pass sentence unless there a
(1) If the accused pleads not guilty or refuses to, or does not, plead or if he claims to be tried or if in the circumstances mentioned in sub-section (3) of section 105 withdraws the plea of guilty or if the court does not accept the plea of guilty, the court shall proceed to try the accused.
(2) The prosecutor shall open his case by reading the circumstantial letter prepared in accordance with the regulations made under this Act, reading from this Act or the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) or other law the description of the offence charged and stating shortly by what evidence he expects to prove the guilt of the accused.
(3) The prosecutor shall then examine his witnesses.
No witness whose name was not included in the original list of witnesses supplied to the trial judge advocate and the accused in accordance with regulations made under this Act shall be called by the prosecutor unless the trial judge advocate has given notice to the accused of the prosecutor’s intention to call such witness and has supplied the accused with a summary of the evidence of such witness.
(1) At any time during the trial, should the court think it necessary, an impartial person may be employed to serve as an interpreter and sworn or affirmed as such in the following manner:—
swear in the name of God
“I....................................do————————————————
solemnly affirm
that I will to the best of my ability truly interpret and translate as I will be required to touching the matter before this court-martial”.
(2) During the trial, an impartial person shall be employed as a shorthand-writer and duly sworn or affirmed as such in the following m
(1) Before any person is sworn or affirmed as an interpreter or a shorthand-writer, the accused shall be asked if he objects to such person as not being impartial and the court shall decide the objection.
(2) The evidence given by a witness shall be read over to him by shorthand-writer before the witness leaves the court, if so required by the court or the witness.
(1) No witness shall be examined until he has been duly sworn or affirmed in the following manner:—
swear in the name of God
“I....................................do————————————————
solemnly affirm
that the evidence which I shall give before this court shall be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.
(2) Every person giving evidence on oath or affirmation before a court-martial shall be bound to state the truth.
(1) When the examination of the witness for the prosecution is concluded, the accused shall be called on for his defence.
(2) Before entering on his defence, the accused may raise a plea of no case to answer.
(3) If such a plea is raised the court will decide the plea after hearing the accused and the prosecutor and the advice of the trial judge advocate.
(4) If the court accepts the plea, the accused shall be acquitted on the charge or charges in respect whereof the plea has been accepted.
(5) If the court overrules the plea, the accused shall be called upon to enter on his defence.
(6) The trial judge advocate shall then inform the accused that he may give evidence as a witness on his own behalf shall h
(1) Whenever the court thinks that it should view the place in which the officer charged is alleged to have been committed or any other place in which any other transaction material to the trial is alleged to have occurred, the court shall make an order to that effect and may then adjourn to the place to be viewed, along with the prosecutor and the accused and the person, if any, by whom the accused is represented.
(2) The court on completion of the view shall adjourn and reassemble in the court-room.
When the case for the defence and the prosecutor’s reply, if any, are concluded, the trial judge advocate shall proceed to sum up in open court the evidence for the prosecution and the defence and lay down the law by which the court is to be guided.
(1) At all trials by courts-martial it is the duty of the trial judge advocate to decide all questions of law arising in the course of the trial, and specially all questions as to the relevancy of facts which it is proposed to prove and the admissibility of evidence or the propriety of the questions asked by or on behalf of the parties; and in his discretion to prevent the production of inadmissible evidence whether it is or is not objected to by the parties.
(2) Whenever in the course of a trial it appears desirable to the trial judge advocate that arguments and evidence as to the admissibility of evidence or arguments in support of an application for separate trials or on any other points of law should not be heard in the presence of the court, he may advise the president of the court accordingly and the president shall thereupon make an order for the court to retire or direct th
It is the duty of the court to decide which view of the facts is true and then arrive at the finding which under such view ought to be arrived at.
(1) After the trial judge advocate has finished his summing up, the court will be cleared to consider the finding.
(2) The trial judge advocate shall not sit with the court when the court is considering the finding and no person shall speak to or hold any communication with the court while the court is considering the finding.
(1) When the court has considered the finding the court shall be reassembled and the president shall inform the trial judge advocate in open court what is the finding of the court as ascertained in accordance with section 124.
(2) The court shall give its findings on all the charges on which the accused is tried.
(1) The trial judge advocate shall then draw up the finding as announced by the court.
(2) The finding so drawn up shall be signed by all the members of the court by way of attestation notwithstanding any difference of opinion there may have been among the members and shall be countersigned by the trial judge advocate.
(3) Where the finding on any charges is one of not guilty the court shall acquit the accused of that charge.
(4) If the accused is acquitted of all the charges, the court shall, after signing the findings as provided in sub-section (2), be dissolved.
(5) Neither the court nor the trial judge advocate shall announce in open court whether the finding was unanimous or not; but the president shall make a record of the division of voting o
(1) If the accused is found guilty on any or all of the charges, the court before awarding punishment may call evidence as to the previous character and qualifications of the accused and in addition to any oral evidence of general character that may be adduced, shall take into consideration the following documents which shall be read by the trial judge advocate in open court:—
(a) for any officer—
(i) any entries against him relating to his previous convictions in the list of officers who have been tried by court-martial; and
(ii) any previous entries against him in the log of the ship to which he may have belonged when the offence or offences for which he is being tried were committed and also any documents, other than such entries in the log, of the nature
The court shall then retire and consider and determine on the punishment proper to be inflicted in conformity with the finding, and all the members of the court, whether they have voted for an acquittal or not, shall vote on the question of what punishment is proper to be awarded for the offence of which the accused has been found guilty.
(2) The trial judge advocate shall sit with the court while they are considering the sentence and assist the court in the determination of the sentence but shall not vote thereon.
(1) When the court has decided on the sentence whether unanimously or by majority, the trial judge advocate shall draw up the sentence in the prescribed from which shall be signed by every member of the court by way of attestation notwithstanding any difference of opinion there may have been among the members and shall be countersigned by the trial judge advocate.
(2) The court shall then be reassembled and the accused brought in and the trial judge advocate shall by direction of the court pronounce the sentence.
(3) The accused shall then be removed and the court dissolved.
(1) A court-martial may, if it appears to the court that an adjournment is desirable, be adjourned accordingly, but except where such an adjournment is ordered, shall sit from day to day with the exception of Sundays until the trial is concluded, unless prevented from so doing by stress of weather or unavoidable accident.
(2) The proceedings of a court-martial shall not, after the commencement of a trial, be delayed by the absence of a member:
Provided that no less than four members are present; and
Provided further that if any member is absent from any part of the trial, he shall not thereafter take any part in the proceedings.
(1) A court-martial assembled under this act shall be dissolved—
(a) when the number of members comprising the court is after the commencement of a trial reduced below four;
(b) by the prolonged illness of the president, trial judge advocate or the accused;
(c) by the death of the president or the trial judge advocate;
(d) on the making of a report under sub-section (2) of section 143.
(2) Whenever a court-martial is dissolved by virtue of sub-section (1) the accused may be retried.
(1) Subject to the provisions of sub-sections (2) and (3), every question for determination by a court-martial shall be decided by the vote of the majority:
Provided that where there is an equality of votes, the decision most favourable to the accused shall prevail.
(2) The sentence of death shall not be passed on any offender unless four at least of the members present at the court-martial where the number does not exceed five, and in all other cases a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present, concur in the sentence.
(3) Where in respect of an offence, the only punishment which may be awarded is death, a finding that a charge for such offence is proved shall not be given unless four at least of the members present at the court-martial where the number does not exceed five,
Where the amount of punishment for any offence depends upon the intent with which it has been committed and any person is charged with having committed such an offence with an intent involving a greater degree of punishment, a court-martial may find that the offence was committed with an intent involving less degree of punishment and award such punishment accordingly.
If the accused is charged with one offence and it appears in evidence that he committed a different offence for which he might have been charged under section 91, he may be convicted of the offence which he is shown to have committed although he was not charged with it.
(1) When a person is charged with an offence consisting of several particulars, a combination of some only of which constitutes a complete minor offence and such combination is proved, but the remaining particulars are not proved, he may be convicted of the minor offence although he was not charged with it.
(2) When a person is charged with an offence and facts are proved which reduce it to a minor offence, he may be convicted of the minor offence although he was not charged with it.
(3) When a person is charged with an offence, he may be convicted of an attempt to commit such an offence, although the attempt is not separately charged.
The trial judge advocate shall transmit in accordance with the prescribed procedure with as much expedition as may be, the original proceedings or a complete and authenticated copy thereof and the original sentence of every court-martial attended by him, to the Judge Advocate General of the Navy to be dealt with by him in accordance with the provisions of Chapter XV.
Every person tried by a court-martial and convicted shall be entitled on demand to one copy of the proceedings and sentence of such court-martial free of cost but no such demand shall be allowed after the lapse of one year from the date of the final decision of such court.
Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (1 of 1872), shall apply to all proceedings before a court-martial.
A person of an offence before a court-martial shall be a competent witness for the defence and may give evidence on oath in disproof of the charges made against him or any person charged together with him at the same trial :
Provided that--
(a) he shall not be called as a witness except on his own request in writing or
(b) his failure to give evidence shall not be made the subject of any comment by any of the parties or the court or give rise to any presumption against himself or any person charged together with him at the same trial.
A court-martial may take judicial notice of any matter within the general naval, army or air force experience and knowledge of the members.
(1) Whenever it is necessary for the purpose of either the prosecution or the defence to prove the contents of any voucher, receipt, account, muster, ship’s book, letter, signal, telegram or other document made or kept in pursuance of any Act of the legislature, any regulations framed under this Act or of the custom of the service, a copy of the same purporting to be signed and certified as a correct copy by the officer for the time being commanding the ship in which the same was made or kept or by a Secretary to the Central Government, may be received as evidence of such document and of the matters, transactions and accounts therein recorded.
(2) A Navy List or Gazette or other official document purporting to be published by authority of the Central Government or the Chief of the Naval Staff shall be evidence of the status and rank of officers therein mentioned and of any appointm
(1) Every person who may be required to give evidence or produce a document before a court-martial shall be summoned in the prescribed manner in writing under the hand of the Judge Advocate General of the Navy or the trial Judge advocate.
(2) Every person who may be required to give evidence before a commanding officer or the officer preparing a summary of evidence in accordance with the regulations made under this Act or before a board of inquiry shall be summoned in the prescribed manner by writing under the hand of the Judge Advocate General of the Navy or the senior officer in the station or such other officer prescribed in this behalf.
(3) In the case of a witness subject to naval law or to the law relating to the government of the regular Army or the Air Force, the summons shall be served in the manner prescribed.
&n
(1) Whenever in the course of a trial by court-martial, it appears to the trial judge advocate that the examination of a witness is necessary for the ends of justice and that the attendance of such witness cannot be procured without an amount of delay, expense or inconvenience which under the circumstances of the case would be unreasonable, the trial judge advocate may dispense with such attendance and may apply to the Judge Advocate General of the Navy to issue a commission to 1[any metropolitan magistrate or judicial magistrate of the first class] within the local limits of whose jurisdiction such witness resides, to take the evidence of such witness.
(2) The trial in such an event may be adjourned for a specified time reasonably sufficient for the execution and return of the commission.
(3) The Judge Advocate General of the Navy on re
(1) Where a commission is issued under the provisions of section 135, the prosecutor and the accused may respectively forward any interrogatories in writing which the trial judge advocate may think relevant to the issue and the magistrate or authority to whom the commission is directed or to whom the duty of executing such commission has been delegated shall examine the witness upon such interrogatories.
(2) The prosecutor and the accused may appear before such magistrate or authority by counsel or, except in the case of an accused person in custody, in person, and may examine, cross-examine and re-examine, as the case may be, the said witness.
(3) After commission issued under section 135 has been duly executed, it shall be returned together with the deposition of the witness examined thereunder to the Judge Advocate General of the Navy
(1) The trial judge advocate may, at any stage of the trial, summon any person as a witness or examine any person in attendance, though not summoned as a witness, or recall and re-examine any person already examined; and the trial judge advocate shall summon and examine or recall and re-examine any such person if his evidence appears to the court or to the trial judge advocate as essential to the just decision of the case.
(2) Summons to the witnesses shall be issued as provided under this Act.
(1) Whenever a court-martial imposes a fine as a punishment, the court may when passing judgment order the whole or any part of the fine recovered to be applied,—
(a) in the payment to any person aggrieved as compensation for any loss or injury caused by the offence;
(b) when any person is convicted of any civil offence which includes theft, criminal misappropriation, criminal breach of trust or cheating, or of having dishonestly received or retained, or of having voluntarily assisted in disposing of stolen property knowing or having reason to believe the same to be stolen property, in compensating any bona fide purchaser of the property for the loss of the same if such property is restored to the possession of the person entitled thereto.
(2) No such payment or compensation, s
When any person subject to naval law commits any offence as is described in section 69 in the presence of or in relation to a proceeding before a court-martial such court-martial may punish the offender summarily by imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months or such other less punishment as may be awarded for that offence under section 69.
When any person not subject to naval law commits an offence as is described in section 165 in the presence of a court-martial, such court-martial may take such person into custody and at any time before the rising of the court on the same day, if it thinks fit, take cognizance of the offence and sentence the offender of fine not exceeding two hundred rupees or in default of payment to simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, unless such fine shall be sooner paid.
When any such offence as is described in section 165 of this Act or section 193, section 194, section 195, section 196, section 199, section 200, section 228, section 463 or section 471 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) is committed by any person not subject to naval law in or in relation to a proceeding before a court-martial, such court-martial or the officer ordering the same if such court-martial is dissolved, may exercise the powers 1[under section 340 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974)], as if it or he were a criminal court within the meaning of that section.
—————
1. Subs. by Act 48 of 1982, sec. 8, for “under section 476 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (5 of 1898)” (w.e.f. 16-10-1982).
Any trial by a court-martial or disciplinary court under the provisions of this Act shall be deemed to be a judicial proceeding within the meaning of sections 193 and 228 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), and the court-martial or disciplinary court shall be deemed to be a court within the meaning of 1[sections 345 and 346 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974)].
—————
1. Subs. by Act 48 of 1982, sec. 9, for “sections 480 and 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (5 of 1898)” (w.e.f. 16-10-1982).
(1) Where it appears in the course of the trial by court-martial of any person charged with an offence that such person is insane, the court shall find specially the fact of his insanity and shall order such person to be kept in strict custody in such place and in such manner as the court may deem fit until the directions of the Central Government thereupon are known.
(2) Every such case shall be reported by the court to the convening authority for orders of the Central Government and it shall be lawful for the Central Government to give orders for the safe custody of such person in such place and in such manner as the Central Government may deem fit.
(3) Whenever on the receipt of a report from the Central Government or otherwise the convening authority considers that such person is capable of making his defence, the convening authority
(1) Whenever any person subject to naval law is acquitted upon the ground that, at the time at which he is alleged to have committed an offence, he was, by reason of unsoundness of mind, incapable of knowing the nature of the act alleged as constituting the offence, or that it was wrong or contrary to law, the finding shall specifically state whether he committed the act or not.
(2) Whenever the finding made under sub-section (1) states that the accused person committed the act alleged, the court-martial shall, if such act would, but for the incapacity found, have constituted an offence, order such person to be detained in safe custody in such place and in such manner as may be prescribed and shall report the action taken to the officer convening the court.
(3) The officer convening the court shall then report the case for the orders of
When any property regarding which an offence appears to have been committed or which appears to have been used for the commission of an offence is produced before a court-martial, the court may make such order as it thinks fit for the proper custody of such property pending the conclusion of the trial and if the property is subject to speedy or natural decay may after recording such evidence as it thinks necessary order it to be sold or otherwise disposed of.
(1) When the trial before any court-martial is concluded, the court may make such order as it thinks fit for the disposal by destruction, confiscation or delivery to any person claiming to be entitled to possession thereof or otherwise of any property or document produced before it or in its custody or regarding which an offence appears to have been committed or which has been used for the commission of any offence:
Provided that except in the case of property which is subject to speedy or natural decay such property or document shall, if so required by regulations, made under this Act, be kept in custody until the orders of the Chief of the Naval Staff are known.
(2) An order under sub-section (1) shall not be carried out for one month, unless the property is subject to speedy or natural decay.
&nb
In awarding a sentence of death, a court-martial shall in its discretion direct that the offender shall suffer death by being hanged by the neck until he be dead or shall suffer death by being shot to death.
A person sentenced to death may be detained in naval custody or may be removed to a civil prison to be kept in custody until further orders be received from the Central Government, the Chief of the Naval Staff or the officer ordering court-martial by which he was sentenced to death or other prescribed officer and the order in the prescribed form of the Central Government, the Chief of the Naval Staff or the convening authority or such officer shall be sufficient warrant for detaining the person in custody.
(1) When a sentence of death is to be executed, the Chief of the Naval staff or convening authority or the prescribed officer shall give directions as to the time, place and manner in which such sentence is to be carried out and the order of such officer or authority in the prescribed form shall be sufficient warrant for the execution of such sentence.
(2) There shall be attached to the prescribed form an order of the Central Government certifying the confirmation of the sentence by the Central Government in all cases where such confirmation is necessary; and where such confirmation is not necessary, a certificate of the Chief of the Naval staff or other prescribed offices stating that such confirmation is not necessary.
(1) Every term of imprisonment whether imprisonment was awarded as an original or commuted punishment may be served in a naval prison, naval detention quarters or in any civil prison, house of correction or military or air force prison or detention barracks.
(2) Every term of detention whether the detention was awarded as an original or commuted punishment may be served in any naval detention quarters or army or air force detention barracks.
(3) Where in pursuance of this Act, a person is sentenced to imprisonment or detention or has his sentence commuted to imprisonment or detention, the order in the prescribed form of the Central Government or the Chief of the Naval Staff or the officer ordering the court-martial by which such person was sentenced or the senior officer present in port or, if he was sentenced by the commanding officer o
(1) Subject to the provisions of 1[sub- sections (2) and (3)] every term of imprisonment or detention awarded in pursuance of this Act shall be reckoned as commencing on the day on which the sentence was awarded.
(2) Where by reason of a ship being at sea or off a place at which there is no proper prison or naval detention quarters, a sentence of imprisonment or detention, as the case may be, cannot be duly executed, then subject as hereinafter mentioned, an offender under the sentence of imprisonment or detention, as the case may be, may be sent with all reasonable speed to some place at which there is a proper prison or naval detention quarters or in the case of an offender under sentence of detention to some place at which there are some naval detention quarters in which the sentence can be duly executed; and on arrival there, the offender shall undergo his sentence in like mann
Whenever a sentence shall be passed by a court-martial on an offender already under sentence either of detention or imprisonment passed upon him under this Act for a former offence, the court may award a sentence of detention or imprisonment for the offence for which he is under trial to commence at the expiration of the sentence of detention or imprisonment to which he has been previously sentenced:
Provided that so much of any term of detention imposed on a person by a sentence in pursuance of this section as will prolong the total term of detention beyond two years shall be deemed to be remitted.
Whenever it is deemed expedient, it shall be lawful for the Central Government, the Chief of the Naval Staff or senior officer present, by an order in writing in the prescribed form, from time to time to change the place of confinement of any offender imprisoned or sentenced to be imprisoned or detained in pursuance of this Act or of any offender undergoing or sentenced to undergo detention; and the gaoler or other person having the custody of such offender shall immediately on the receipt of such order remove such offender to the gaol, prison or house of correction or, in the case of an offender undergoing or sentenced to undergo detention, to the naval detention quarters mentioned in the said order, or shall deliver him over to naval custody for the purpose of the offender being removed to such prison or naval detention quarters, and every gaoler or keeper of such last-mentioned prison, gaol, or house of correction or naval
Whenever any offender is undergoing imprisonment or detention in pursuance of this Act, it shall be lawful for the Central Government or the Chief of the Naval Staff, or where an offender is undergoing imprisonment or detention by orders of his commanding officer, for such commanding officer or the Central Government or the Chief of the Naval Staff, to give an order in writing in the prescribed form directing that the offender be discharged; and it shall also be lawful for the Central Government and the Chief of the Naval Staff, by order in writing in the prescribed form, to direct that any such offender be delivered over to naval custody for the purpose of being brought before a court-martial, either as a witness or for trial or otherwise, and such offender shall accordingly, on the production of any such order, be discharged, or be delivered over to such custody.
The time during which any offender under sentence of imprisonment or detention is detained in naval custody shall be reckoned as imprisonment or detention under his sentence for whatever purpose he is so detained; and the governor, gaoler, keeper or superintendent who shall deliver over any such offender shall again receive him from naval custody, so that he may undergo the remainder of his punishment.
If any person imprisoned or undergoing detention by virtue of this Act shall become insane, and certificate to that effect shall be given by two physicians or surgeons, the Central Government shall by warrant in the prescribed form, direct the removal of such person to such asylum or other proper receptacle for insane persons in India as it may judge proper for the unexpired term of his imprisonment or detention; and if any such person shall in the same manner be certified to be again of sound mind, the Central Government may issue a warrant in the prescribed form for his being removed to such prison or place of confinement or in the case of a person sentenced to detention, such naval detention quarters as may be deemed expedient, to undergo the remainder of his punishment, and every gaoler or keeper of any prison, gaol, or house of correction shall receive him accordingly.
The Central Government may set apart any buildings or vessels or any parts thereof as naval prisons or naval detention quarters and any buildings, vessels or parts of buildings or vessels so set apart as naval prisons or naval detention quarters, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be naval prisons or naval detention quarters respectively within the meaning of this Act.
When a sentence of fine is imposed under this Act by a court-martial or disciplinary court, the officer ordering the court-martial or disciplinary court may transmit a copy of the order imposing the fine duly certified under his hand to any magistrate in India, and such magistrate shall thereupon cause the fine to be recovered in accordance with the provisions of the 1[Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974)], or any law corresponding thereto in force in the State of Jammu and Kashmir as if it were a sentence of fine imposed by such magistrate.
—————
1. Subs. by Act 48 of 1982, sec. 10, for “Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (5 of 1898)” (w.e.f. 16-10-1982).
(1) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette make regulations providing,—
(a) for the Government, management and regulation of naval prisons and detention quarters;
(b) for the appointment and removal and powers of inspectors, visitors and officers thereof;
(c) for the food, bedding and clothing of prisoners or persons undergoing detention therein;
(d) for the labour of such prisoners or persons therein and for enabling such prisoners or persons to earn by special industry and good conduct remission of a portion of their sentence; and
(e) for the care of such prisoners or persons, their safe custody and the maintenance of good order and di
(1) All proceedings of trials by court-martial or by disciplinary courts shall be reviewed by the Judge Advocate General of the Navy either on his own motion or on application made to him within the prescribed time by any person aggrieved by any sentence or finding, and the Judge Advocate General of the Navy shall transmit the report of such review together with such recommendations as may appear just and proper to the Chief of the Naval Staff for his consideration and for such action as the Chief of the Naval Staff may think fit.
(2) Where any person aggrieved has made an application under sub-section (1), the Judge Advocate General of the Navy may, if the circumstances of the case so require, give him an opportunity of being heard either in person or through a legal practitioner or an officer of the Indian Navy.
(1) On receipt of the report and recommendations if any, under section 160, the Chief of the Naval Staff shall in all cases of capital sentence and in all cases where the court-martial is ordered by the President, and may in other cases may transmit the proceedings and the report to the Central Government together with such recommendations as he may deem fit to make.
(2) Nothing in section 160 or this section shall authorise the Judge Advocate General of the Navy or the Chief of the Naval Staff to make any recommendation for setting aside, or the Central Government to set aside, an order of acquittal passed under this Act.
Any person subject to naval law who considers himself aggrieved by finding or sentence of any court-martial may present a petition to the Central Government or to the Chief of the Naval Staff, and the Central Government or the Chief of the Naval Staff, as the case may be, may pass such order thereon as may be thought fit.
(1) Where any person is tried under the provisions of this Act, the Central Government or the Chief of the Naval Staff, may, in the case of a conviction—
(a) set aside the finding and sentence and acquit or discharge the accused or order him to be retried, or
(b) alter the finding, maintaining the sentence (provided that such sentence may be legally passed on the altered finding), or
(c) with or without altering the finding, reduce the sentence or commute the punishment awarded for any punishment inferior in scale, or
(d) either with or without conditions, pardon the person or remit the whole or any part of the punishment awarded, or
1[***]
&nbs
Where any person is tried under the provision of this Act, the Central Government or the Chief of the Naval Staff or the Flag Officers Commanding-in-Chief of the Naval Commands may in the case of conviction either with or without conditions release the person on parole.]
—————
1. Ins. by Act 23 of 2005, sec. 8 (w.e.f. 23-6-2005).
(1) Where a person has been sentenced to imprisonment or detention, the Central Government or the officer who by virtue of the foregoing section or sub-section (3) of section 150 has power to issue an order of committal (hereinafter in this section referred to as “the committing authority”) may, in lieu of issuing such an order, order that the sentence be suspended until an order of committal is issued, and in such case—
(a) notwithstanding anything in this Act, the term of the sentence shall not be reckoned as commencing until an order of committal is issued;
(b) the case may at any time, and shall at intervals of not more than three months, be reconsidered by the Central Government or committing authority or such prescribed officer, and if on any such reconsideration it appears to the Central Government or committing au
Every person not subject to naval law, who,—
(a) being duly summoned or ordered to attend as a witness before a court-martial or disciplinary court fails to attend without due cause, or
(b) refuses to take an oath or make an affirmation legally required by a court-martial or disciplinary court to be taken or made, or
(c) being sworn or affirmed, refuses to answer any questions put by or before a court-martial or disciplinary court, which he is in law bound to answer, or
(d) refuses to produce or deliver up a document in his power which the court-martial or disciplinary court may legally demand, or
(e) is guilty of contempt of court-martial or disciplinary court,
(1) Every person, who,—
(a) conveys or causes to be conveyed into any naval prison or naval detention quarters any arms, tools, or instruments, or any mask or other disguise to facilitate the escape of any prisoner or person undergoing detention, or
(b) by any means whatever aids any prisoner or person undergoing detention to escape or in an attempt to escape from such prison or naval detention quarters, whether an escape be actually made or not,
shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to fourteen years.
(2) Every person who brings or attempts to bring into a naval prison or naval detention quarters, in contravention of regulations made under this Act, by spirituous or fermented liquor, shall for every such of
Every governor, gaoler, and keeper of any prison, gaol, or house of correction or of any naval detention quarters, and every person having the charge or command of any place, ship, or vessel for imprisonment, who shall without lawful excuse, refuse or neglect to receive or confine, remove, discharge, or deliver up any offender against the provisions of this Act, or any of them, shall incur for every such refusal or neglect a penalty not exceeding one thousand rupees and every such penalty shall be applied as the Central Government may direct notwithstanding any law, charter, or custom to the contrary.
(1) There shall be appointed by the Central Government a Judge Advocate General of the Navy and as many judge advocates in the department of the Judge Advocate General of the Navy as the Central Government may deem necessary.
(2) Out of the judge advocates so appointed, the Central Government may designate any one to be the Deputy Judge Advocate General of the Navy.
(3) A person shall not be qualified for appointment as Judge Advocate General of the Navy unless he—
(a) is a citizen of India, and
(b) has for at least ten years held a judicial office in the territory of India, or
(c) has for at least ten years been an advocate of a High Court or two or more such courts in succession:
It shall be the duty of the Judge Advocate General of the Navy to perform such duties of a legal and judicial character pertaining to the Indian Navy as may from time to time be referred or assigned to him by the Central Government or the Chief of the Naval Staff, and to discharge the functions conferred on him by or under this Act, or any other law for the time being in force.
The functions of the Judge Advocate General of the Navy shall in his absence on leave or otherwise, be performed by such one the judge advocates in his department as may be designated in this behalf by the Chief of the Naval Staff.
(1) On the death of a sailor while subject to naval law, the commanding officer of the ship to which the sailor belonged shall as soon as may be,—
(a) secure all movable property belonging to the deceased that is in the ship or quarters and cause an inventory thereof to be made;
(b) draw the pay and allowances due to such persons;
(c) if he thinks fit, and subject to any regulations made in this behalf, collect all moneys left by the deceased in any banking company, including any post office saving bank, co-operative bank or society, or any other institution receiving deposits in money however named, and for that purpose may require the agent, manager or other proper authority of such banking company, society or other institution to pay the moneys to the commanding offi
The provisions of section 171 shall also apply to the disposal of the property of an officer who dies while subject to naval law, but with the following modifications, namely:—
(i) the functions of the commanding officer under section 171 shall be performed by a Committee of Adjustment constituted in this behalf in the prescribed manner; and
(ii) the surplus, if any, after the payment of debts and expenses specified in sub-section (3) of section 171 shall be paid to the person prescribed in this behalf.
If in any case a doubt or difference arises as to what are the ship or service debts and the debts in ship or quarters of a deceased officer or sailor or as to the amount payable in respect thereof, the decision of the prescribed person shall be final and shall be binding on all persons for all purposes.
For the purpose of the exercise of his or its duties under section 171 or 172, as the case may be, the commanding officer or the Committee of Adjustment, as the case may be, shall, to the exclusion of all other persons and authorities have the same rights and powers as if the commanding officer or the Committee had taken out representation to the estate of the deceased, and any receipt given by such commanding officer or the Committee, as the case may be, shall have effect accordingly.
Explanation.—“Representation” includes probate, letters of administration with or without the will annexed and a succession certificate issued by a court of competent jurisdiction constituting a person executor or administrator of the estate of the deceased person or authorising him to receive or realise the assets of a deceased person.
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Administrator-General’s Act, 1913 (3 of 1913), an Administrator-General shall not interpose in any manner in relation to any property of a deceased which has been dealt with under section 171 or section 172 except in so far as he is expressly required or competent to do so by or under the provisions of this Act.
(2) The Central Government may, at any time and in such circumstances as it thinks fit, direct that the estate of a deceased sailor or officer shall be handed over by the commanding officer or the Committee of Adjustment, as the case may be, to the Administrator-General of a State for administration and thereupon such commanding officer or the Committee shall make over the estate to such Administrator-General.
(3) Where under this section any estate is handed over to the Administrator
On receipt of the surplus referred to in sub-section (7) of section 171 or clause (ii) of section 172 or sub-section (4) of section 175, the prescribed person shall,—
(a) if he knows of a legal representative of the deceased, pay the surplus to that representative;
(b) if the surplus does not exceed 1[the prescribed amount not exceeding rupees one lakh in value] and if he thinks fit, pay or deliver to any person appearing to him to be entitled to receive the same, without requiring such person to produce any probate, letters of administration, succession certificate or other conclusive evidence of title;
(c) if the prescribed person does not know of any such representative to whom the surplus could be paid under clause (a), or if the surplus has not been disposed of und
Where any part of the estate of a deceased officer or sailor consists of effects, securities or other property not converted into money, the provisions of sub-section (7) of section 171 or clause (ii) of section 172 and section 176 with respect to the payment of the surplus shall, save as may be prescribed, extend to the delivery, transmission or transfer of such effects, securities or property, and the prescribed person shall have the same power of converting the same into money as a legal representative of the deceased.
Any payment or application of money or delivery sale or other disposition of any property made, or purported to be made by the commanding officer, the Committee or the prescribed person in good faith in pursuance of sections 171 to 176 shall be valid and shall fully absolve the commanding officer, the Committee or the prescribed person, as the case may be, as well as the Central Government from all liability in respect of the money or property so paid, applied or disposed of; but nothing herein contained shall be deemed to affect the right of any executor or administrator or other legal representative or of any creditor of the deceased against any person to whom any such payment or delivery as aforesaid has been made.
Nothing in this Chapter shall affect the rights and duties of the representative of a deceased sailor or officer or any Administrator-General, in respect of the property of such deceased sailor or officer not collected by the commanding officer or the Committee, as the case may be, and not forming part of the surplus handed over to the prescribed person either under sub-section (7) of section 171 or clause (ii) of section 172.
The provisions of sections 171 to 179 shall, so far as they can be made applicable, also apply in the case of an officer or sailor subject to naval law who is ascertained in the prescribed manner to be of unsound mind notwithstanding anything contained in the Indian Lunacy Act, 1912 (4 of 1912), or who, while on active service, is officially reported missing, as if the said officer or sailor had died on the day on which his unsoundness of mind is so ascertained or, as the case may be, on the day on which he is officially reported missing:
Provided that in the case of an officer or sailor so reported missing, no action shall be taken to dispose of the property under sections 171, 172 and 175 until such time as a certificate under the regulations made under this Act is issued by or under the authority of the Chief of the Naval Staff or other prescribed person that he is confirmed or
When an officer while subject to naval law dies or is ascertained in the prescribed manner to be of unsound mind or while on active service is officially reported missing, the reference in the foregoing provisions of this Chapter to the Committee shall be construed as references to the Standing Committee of Adjustment, if any, constituted in this behalf in the prescribed manner and such Standing Committee, if constituted, shall alone be entitled to perform all the functions of such Committee unless otherwise directed by the Chief of the Naval Staff.
The functions and powers of the commanding officer in the Chapter may in any case be performed or exercised by any other person appointed in this behalf by the Chief of the Naval Staff.
If any person subject to naval law is absent without leave for a period of one month (whether he is guilty of desertion or of improperly leaving his ship or place of duty or not) but is not apprehended or tried for his offence, he shall be liable for forfeiture of pay and allowances and other benefits as the Central Government from time to time by regulations provide, and the Central Government, the Chief of the Naval Staff or the prescribed officer may by an order containing a statement of the absence without leave direct that the clothes and effects, if any, left by him on board ship or at his place of duty be forfeited, and the same be sold and the proceeds of the same shall be disposed of as provided in the regulations made under this Act, and every order under this provision for forfeiture or sale shall be conclusive for the purpose of this section as to the fact of the absence without leave as therein stated of the pers
(1) The Central Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, make regulations for the governance, command, discipline, recruitment, conditions of service and regulation of the naval forces and generally for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this Act.
(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such regulations may provide for—
(a) the rank, precedence, powers of command and authority of officers and sailors in the naval service;
(b) the relative rank, precedence, powers of command and authority of officers and sailors in the naval service in relation to members of the regular Army and the Air Force;
(c) the cases in which, and the conditions subject to whi
The power to make regulations conferred by this Act shall include the power to give retrospective effect, from a date not earlier than the date of commencement of this Act, to the regulations or any of them, but no retrospective effect shall be given to any regulation so as to prejudicially affect the interests of any person to whom such regulation may be applicable.]
—————
1. Ins. by Act 48 of 1982, sec. 11 (w.e.f. 16-10-1982).
Every regulation made under this Act shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament, while it is in session for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modification in the regulation or both Houses agree that the regulation should not be made, the regulation shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that regulation.
[Rep. by the Repealing and Amending Act, 1960 (58 of 1960), sec. 2 and Sch. I.]
(1) The Indian Navy in existence at the commencement of this Act shall be deemed to be the regular naval force raised under this Act.
(2) The Indian Naval Reserve, the Indian Naval Volunteer Reserve and the Indian Fleet Reserve in existence at the commencement of this Act shall be deemed to be the Indian Naval Reserve Forces raised under this Act.
(3) Officer in the Indian Navy or the Indian Naval Reserve Forces at the commencement of this Act shall be deemed to have been appointed as such under this Act.
(4) The person holding office as Judge Advocate of the Fleet at the commencement of this Act shall, on such commencement, be deemed to have been appointed as the Judge Advocate General of the Navy under this Act.
(5) Sailors in the Indian Navy or i
[Rep. by the Navy Amendment) Act, 2005 (23 of 2005), sec. 11 (w.e.f. 23-6-2005).]]
—————
1. Section 188, before its repeal stood as under:
188. Powers of officers of the Royal Navy.—(1) An officer of the Royal Navy attached to or serving with the Indian Navy shall have and exercise all such powers as are vested in or may be exercised by an officer of the Indian Navy of corresponding rank or holding a corresponding appointment and shall be eligible to be granted a commission to convene courts-martial or to be appointed as president of a court-martial or to sit on a court-martial as a member as if he were an officer of the Indian Navy subject to naval law.
(2) The expression
Elevate your legal practice with advanced AI-driven research and drafting solutions. Experience unmatched efficiency, precision, and security, tailored exclusively for legal professionals.
An indispensable Tool for Legal Professionals, Endorsed by Various High Court and Judicial Officers
Please visit our Training & Support
Center or Contact Us for assistance
Scan Me!
India’s Legal research and Law Firm App, Download now!
For Daily Legal Updates, Join us on :
Back to top
AI Assistant
