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1995 Supreme(SC) 1250

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
B.P. Jeevan Reddy and S.B. Majmudar, JJ.
Civil Appeal Nos. 547-548 of 1991
Decided On: 01.12.1995
Dr. Mahesh Chand Sharma Appellants
Vs.
Smt. Raj Kumar Sharma and others Respondent

Advocates:
ARUN MOHAN, ASHOK GROVER, CHITRA MARKANDEYA, J.R.DAS, K.N.TRIPATHI, M.C.BHANDARE, M.R.CHAWLA, S.S.JAUHAR

Headnote:

Indian Succession Act, 1925 - Sections 111 and 119 - Hindu Succession Act, 1956 - Section 14 - Suit for possession - Lease deed - Self-made man - He earned substantial properties in Delhi - He married a little late in life - His wife was younger to him by at least fifteen years if not more - They had a sun first defendant and four daughters - With a view to provide a secure life to his wife - Made a Will on day of April whereunder he bequeathed one of his properties viz Doctors Lane New Delhi to for life - He provided that after death said property shall go to his legal heirs - Died in year - Soon after death of disputes arose between mother and son - Put forward another Will said to have been executed by on September superseding earlier Will as many as seven suits came to be instituted between mother and son - In January a settlement was arrived at between them - Under this settlement mother - Was given a right to reside in first floor of Doctors Lane house - Son was to pay her per month as maintenance allowance - If mother did not intend to reside in said first floor son was to pay her per month as maintenance allowance - Provision was made for marriage of youngest daughter - It was affirmed that - Todar Mal Road Now Delhi is exclusive property of mother but she undertook not to transfer property in any manner whatsoever - After her death wife of first defendant was to be owner of said property - Certain jewellery and other articles were also given to mother - A joint statement in above terms was submitted into Court on January and suits disposed of in terms of settlement on same day - Held, Interest created in under Will is a life estate and not a widows estate as rightly by Division Bench - Will placed an express prohibition against transfer of her interest by - So-called surrender is in reality a transfer of her interest and hence barred by Will - Once said settlement goes Will stands in its full effect - Became aboslute owner of said property by operation of law viz Section 14 of Hindu Succession Act - Sale of Doctors Lane house by first defendant or his Power of Attorney holder is therefore of no effect and incompetent - On clear language of Will - Section 119 of Indian Succession Act is not attracted - Will clearly indicates that devolution of interest upon legal heirs of testator was to take place on death of - It was a case of bequest to a class within meaning of excep-tion to Section 111 - Because of said contrary intention in Will - Section 119 is not at all attracted - It is exception to Section 111 that applies - Duty of Court in case of construction of a Will is always to give effect to intention of testator - Intention of is made clear beyond any doubt by clear words used in Will according to which was to be life estate holder and that after her death property was to go to legal heirs of testator - On death of legal heirs testator were son and four daughters of and it is they who succeeded to said property in equal shares - Even if plaintiff has not expressly pleaded or relied upon Section 14 of Hindu Succession Act in plaint she is yet entitled to rely upon said provision - Plaintiff has made it clear at more than one place in plaint that she is claiming her right in Doctors Lane house and other suit properties not only under her father - But also under her mother - In light of said specific pleading plaintiff is entitled to rely upon Section 14 of Hindu Succession Act - Plea of limitation is wholly untenable - Plaintiff and other legal heirs of succeeded to Doctors Lane house only on death of who was limited estate holder - During life time of they had no right to nor were they obliged to challenge alienation of Doctors Lane house from date of death of - Even amendment of plaint including relief of possession granted is within a period of twelve years - Ordered Accordingly

ORDER

B. P. Jevvan Reddy, J.

1. Third defendant is the appellant. He along with Defendants Nos. 4 and 5 is the alienee of the house properly, which is the subject-matter of these appeals. Second defen-dant is the brother of third defendant and father of Defendants Nos. 4 and 5. Defendants Nos. 2, 4 and 5 are figuring as respondents in these appeals but are supporting the third defendant.

2. Plaintiff and defendants Nos. 6 to 8 are the daughters of late Ram Nath Dewan while the first defendant is the son of Ram Nath Dewan. First defendant and second defendant have married sis-ters. First defendant was practically settled in U.S.A. along with his family. He appointed the second defendant as his General Power of Attorney. Acting as the General Power of Attorney of first defendant, the second defendant executed a sale deed in respect of No. 5, Doctors Lane. New Delhi (the house property which is the subject-matter of these appeals, which shall be referred to hereinafter as "Doctors Lane") in favour of his brother (defendant No. 3) and sons (defendant Nos. 4 and 5).

3. The plaintiff, daughter of late Ram Nath is seeking to avoid the sale of the said house property in the present suit for partition and separate possession of her 1/5th share. The other daughters, defendants Nos. 6 to 8, are tacitly supporting the plaintiff, though they have remained ex PARTE. The first defendant too has remained ex parte. He did not even file a written statement. He died pending the suit. His legal representatives, all of whom are residing in U.S.A., have also not chosen to appear in the suits appeals. Thus, the contest has been between plaintiff on one side and defendants Nos. 2 to 5 on the other.

4. RELEVANT FACTS :

Ram Nath Dewan was a self-made man. He earned substantial properties in Delhi. He married a little late in life. His wife, Satyawati, was younger to him by at least fifteen years, if not more. They had a sun first defendant) and four daughters (plaintiff and defendants Nos. 6, 7 and 8). With a view to provide a secure life to his wife. Ram Nath made a Will on 10th day of April, 1942 whereunder he bequeathed one of his properties, viz., No. 5. Doctors Lane, New Delhi to Satyawati for life. He provided that after Satyawatis death, the said property shall go to his legal heirs. Ram Nath died in the year 1953.

5. Soon after the death of Ram Nath, disputes arose between the mother and the son. The sou (first defendant) put forward another Will said to have been executed by Ram Nath on September 26, 1950 superseding the earlier Will, as many as seven suits came to be instituted between the mother and the son. In January 1955, a settlement was arrived at between them. Under this settlement, the mother. Satyawati. was given a right to reside in the first floor of the Doctors Lane house. The son was to pay her Rs. 125/- per month as maintenance allowance. If the mother did not intend to reside in the said first floor, the son was to pay her Rs. 150/- per month as maintenance allowance. Provision was made for the marriage of the youngest daughter. It was affirmed that No. 58. Todar Mal Road, Now Delhi, is the exclusive property of the mother but she undertook not to transfer the property in any manner whatsoever. After her death, the wife of the first defendant was to be the owner of the said property. Certain jewellery and other articles were also given to the mother. A joint statement in the above terms was submitted into the Court on January 27, 1955 and the suits disposed of in terms of the settlement on the same day.

6. The first defendant, Rajender Nath, was practically settled in U.S.A. along with his family. He appointed his co-son-in-law. Sri G. C. Sharma (second defendant) as his General Power of Attor-ney in respect of his properties in India. On March 4, 1971, the second defendant executed a sale deed in respect of the Doctors Lane house in favour of his brother (third defendant) and his own two sons (defendants Nos. 4 and 5). Satyawati died

































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