MARKANDEY KATJU, J.

1. These two connected appeals have been filed against the impugned judgment of the Andhra Pradesh High Court dated 14.12.1999 in Writ Petition No. 25555 of 1998.

2. Heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the record.

3. Appellant Nirmal Chandra Sinha belongs to the Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers (IRSME) having been appointed on 2.5.1958. When his turn came for consideration for promotion as General Manager, he was working as Chief Mechanical Engineer of Southern Eastern Railway. He was. promoted to the post of General Manager on 29.11.1996. He claimed notional promotion w.e.f. 13.3.1996 with consequential benefits. His OA was rejected by the Central Administrative Tribunal, but against that order he filed a writ petition that was partially allowed by the High Court.

4. Against the aforesaid judgment of the High Court appeals were filed both by appellant Nirmal Chandra Sinha as well as the Union of India.

5. In the appeal filed by appellant Nirmal Chandra Sinha, the ground taken was that the High Court partially allowed the writ petition by giving him notional promotion as General Manager w.e.f. 13.3.1996 with consequential benefits, but, the High Court has wrongly rejected his prayer that he should be senior to the contesting private respondent Nos. 3 & 4. On the other hand, in the appeal filed by the Union of India it was alleged that the High Court wrongly directed that appellant Nirmal Chandra Sinha should be notionally promoted as General Manager w.e.f. 13.3.1996 with consequential benefits.

6. We are of the opinion that the appeal of appellant Nirmal Chandra Sinha being Civil Appeal No. 8058 of 2001 deserves to be dismissed while the appeal filed by the Union of India being Civil Appeal No. 8059/2001 deserves to be allowed.

7. It has been held in a series of decisions of this Court that a promotion takes effect from the date of being granted and not from the date of occurrence of vacancy or creation of the post vide Union of India and others v. K.K. Vadera and others [JT 1989 (4) SC 221; 1989 Supp (2) SCC 625], State of Uttaranchal and another v. Dinesh Kumar Sharma [2007 (1) SCC 683], K.V. Subba Rao v. Government of Andhra Pradesh [JT 1988 (1) SC 404 ; 1988 (2) SCC 201], Sanjay K. Sinha & others v. State of Bihar and others [JT 2004 (Supp. 2) SC 592 ; 2004 (10) SCC 734] etc.

8. Learned counsel for appellant Nirmal Chandra Sinha, however, relied on a decision of this Court in Union of India v. B.S. Agarwal and another [JT 1997 (8) SC 290; 1997 (8) SCC 89]. We have carefully perused the decision and we are of the opinion that the said decision is distinguishable. In that case the facts were that, under the relevant rule for promotion as General Manager it was necessary to have at least two years tenure on the lower post. The respondent did not actually have two years tenure, yet this Court held that he was eligible for promotion since he had been empanelled and the vacancy on which he should be promoted had occurred before two years of his consideration for promotion.

9. In our opinion, the aforesaid decision in Union of India v. B.S. Agarwal (supra) was given on the special circumstances of that case and on humanitarian considerations, but it cannot be said to be a precedent for other cases. When the rule requires two years actual service in the lower post before a person can be considered for promotion as General Manager, that rule cannot be violated by considering a person who has not put in two years service in the lower post. Moreover, in the aforesaid decision in Union of India v. B.S. Agarwal (supra), the respondent had not actually been promoted as General Manager, but he only claimed that he was eligible to be considered for promotion as General Manager. This fact also makes the aforesaid decision distinguishable.

10. In the present case, appellant Nirmal Chandra Sinha was promoted as General Manager on 29.11.1996, but he claims that he should be deemed to have been promoted w.