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2009 Supreme(SC) 502

2009(3) Supreme 819
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
Tarun Chatterjee and Harjit Singh Bedi, JJ.
Narasamma & Ors. — Appellants
versus
State of Karnataka & Ors. — Respondent
Civil Appeal Nos. 568-571 of 2005
Decided on : 19-03-2009

Advocates appeared:
For the Appellants :Ms. Indu Malhotra, Sr. Adv. Kashi Vishweshwar, Monish Handa, R.C. Kohli, Advocates.
For the Respondents:Shekhar Naphade, B. Vishwanath Bhandarkar, V.N. Raghupathy, Sanjay R. Hedge (M.P.), Advocates.

IMPORTANT POINT
If on the relevant date appellants were in cultivation and possession of the land, they are entitled to registration of the occupancy rights in respect of the land.

Headnote:(a) Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961 – Sections 44, 45 and 48A – If possession in respect of the land in dispute on the relevant date was in favour of the appellants showing them to be in cultivation and possession of the same are entitled to registration of the occupancy rights in respect of the land in dispute. (Para 10)

        (1999)1 SCC 176; 23 CWN 304 – Relied upon.

        2001 (4) MLJ 671 – Cited with approval.

        1995 Supp. (1) SCC 182; (1993)4 SCC 403 – Distinguished.

       Facts of the case :

        1. One Lingachari sold land measuring about 6 Acres 7 Guntas in Serial No. 55 within Gulakamale, Uttarahalli, Hobli, Bangalore, South Taluk, Karnataka, to one Muniyappa, the father of the appellants, in the year 1954.

        2. In 1960 Muniyappa sold the land in dispute in favour of one Ashwathaiah who in turn sold it to one P. Ramaiah, who also in his turn sold the land in dispute to Rama Reddy, the respondent herein. On or about 1960-61, the respondent, created a tenancy right in favour of the father of the appellants in lieu of share of crop for two years. The Record of Rights was published in the year 1969 which recorded the appellants as tenants and the respondent as landlord relating to the land in dispute.

        3. The respondent in the year 1971 filed an application for recovery of rent against the appellants. An order was passed in favour of the respondent on 29th of June, 1972 directing payment of arrears of rent in the aforesaid recovery case.

        4. After amendment of the Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961 Muniyappa filed Form No.7 to register him as an occupant in respect of the land in dispute before the Land Tribunal. Muniyappa died on 3rd of October, 1976 during the pendency of the said application.

        5. In 1977, the appellants filed a fresh Form No.7. The Land Tribunal rejected the application of the appellants.

        6. It was held by the High Court that the appellants must produce some materials to show that they had acquired tenancy rights in respect of the land in dispute. In appeal, the Division Bench of the High Court also confirmed the order of the learned Single Judge.

       Finding of the Court :

        The respondent had failed to produce any material or document to prove that the appellants had not acquired any status in respect of the land in dispute and had failed to show that the entries in the Record of Rights were wrong.

       Result : Appeal allowed.

       

Judgement Key Points

Key Points: - The Court held that if possession and cultivation on the relevant date show tenancy, occupancy rights must be registered. (!) - The decision emphasizes that on the date the Act amended (1 March 1974), if appellants were in possession and cultivation as tenants, they are entitled to occupancy rights; the landlord’s admissions in prior proceedings support this. (!) (!) (!) - The judgment relies on multiple evidentiary sources (admission in Rent Recovery, entries in Record of Rights, witness deposits) to establish tenancy on the relevant date. (!) (!) (!) - The High Court/Tribunal findings that appellants possessed land and were tenants were to be considered sufficient when not contradicted by material showing non-tenancy. (!) (!) - The Supreme Court overruled the High Court/Tribunal, allowing occupancy rights registration based on continued possession and tenancy status on the relevant date. (!)

What is the test to determine occupancy rights registration under the Karnataka Land Reforms Act when possession and cultivation were established on the relevant date?

What is the effect of possession and cultivation on the relevant date (1 March 1974) for tenancy/occupancy right registration when the landlord previously admitted tenancy and records show tenancy?

What is the proper approach to evaluate evidence (Record of Rights, rent recovery admissions, witness testimony) to decide occupancy rights for landholding under the Act?


JUDGMENT

Tarun Chatterjee, J.—

1. One Lingachari sold land measuring about 6 Acres 7 Guntas in Serial No. 55 within Gulakamale, Uttarahalli, Hobli, Bangalore, South Taluk, Karnataka, (hereinafter referred to as “the land in dispute”), to one Muniyappa, the father of the appellants, in the year 1954. In 1960, the father of the appellants, Muniyappa sold the land in dispute in favour of one Ashwathaiah who in turn sold it to one P. Ramaiah, who also in his turn sold the land in dispute to Rama Reddy, the respondent herein. On or about 1960-61, the respondent, created a tenancy right in favour of the father of the appellants in lieu of share of crop for two years. The Record of Rights was published in the year 1969 which recorded the appellants as tenants and the respondent as landlord relating to the land in dispute. The Record of Rights further recorded that the type of cultivation was Gutha (Rent). The respondent, who was the landlord in respect of the land in dispute, in the year 1971, filed an application for recovery of rent against the appellants before the Additional Munsif, Bangalore in Rent Recovery Case No.114 of 1971. An order was passed in favour of the respondent on 29th of June, 1972 directing payment of arrears of rent in the aforesaid recovery case. The Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961 (in short, “the Act”) was amended on 1st of March, 1974 and Sections 44, 45 and 48A of the Act entitled all agricultural tenants to apply under Form 7 for confirmation of ownership. In view of the above, Muniyappa, the father of the appellants, filed Form No.7 to register him as an occupant in respect of the land in dispute before the Land Tribunal under the Act. Muniyappa died on 3rd of October, 1976 during the pendency of the said application. In 1977, the appellants filed a fresh Form No.7. By an order dated 24th of July, 1979, the Land Tribunal disposed of the application filed by the appellants after, inter alia, making the following findings:-

(i) Muniyappa, the father of the appellants, cultivated the land for two decades;

(ii) Adjacent landowners, deposed that the land in dispute was in possession and cultivation of the appellants on lease basis.

(iii) The names of the appellants in respect of the land in dispute were recorded in the Record of Rights for the years 1973-74 as cultivators also on lease basis.

(iv) The respondent-landlord admitted factum of tenancy by claiming rent for the period from 1966-72 by filing an application for recovery of arrears of rent for the years 1966-72 in respect of the land in dispute in RRC Case No. 114/71 wherein an order was passed on 29th of June, 1972 decreeing the case for payment of arrears of rent;

(v) The appellants were entitled to inherit the tenancy rights and, therefore, entitled to be registered as occupants in respect of the land in dispute.

(vi) The tribunal also recorded that the appellants had made out a prima facie case so far as their possession and cultivation of the land in dispute as tenants, were concerned.

2. In spite of the aforesaid findings, the Land Tribunal rejected the application of the appellants simply on the ground that since the tenants were claiming the land in dispute as their own, they had not established their tenancy rights. Feeling aggrieved by the aforesaid order of the Land Tribunal, a writ petition was moved at the instance of the appellants before the High Court which by its order dated 5th of February, 1985 remanded the case back for fresh disposal after setting aside the said order for reconsideration of the said application after re-assessing the entire oral and documentary evidence on record. This order of the High Court was, however, not challenged either by the appellants or by the respondent.

3. After remand, the Land Tribunal again by its order dated 12th of June, 2002 rejected the application of the appellants and directed the Tehsildar to take further action, inter alia, on the grounds that :-

(i) Entries in the Record of Rights relatin
























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