[1] Before turning to the issues central to this appeal, we shall refer to a notice under s 4 of the Thirteenth Schedule to the Federal Constitution published vide Gazette Notification PU(B) 410/2016 on 15 September 2016 (the Notice) as a convenient starting point in our judgment. Pursuant to the Notice, the Election Commission (the EC) has notified that it has reviewed the division of the States of Malaya into Federal and State constituencies in accordance with art 113, cl (2) of the and proposed provisional recommendations consequent to the said review (the proposed recommendations). Eligible parties are also apprised to the effect that they can make representations objecting to the proposed recommendations in accordance with s 5 of the said Thirteenth Schedule. Following the publication of th