High Court Should Not Suggest Custodial Interrogation of Accused: Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of India has granted anticipatory bail to a retired school principal and his wife accused of tampering with service records, while delivering a sharp rebuke to the Gujarat High Court for overstepping its bounds. A bench of Justice Ujjal Bhuyan and Justice Atul S. Chandurkar ruled that the decision on custodial interrogation belongs exclusively to the investigating agency, not the courts.

A Case of Altered Dates

The appellants, Miteshgiri @ Mulrajgiri Sevagiri Goswami and his wife, faced allegations of altering the first appellant's date of birth from 19 June 1964 to 19 June 1965 in his official service record. This change allegedly shifted his retirement date and enabled him to draw salary unlawfully from the public exchequer. An FIR was registered at Visavadar Police Station under multiple sections of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, including Sections 316(5), 336(2), 336(3), 340(2), and 61(2)(a).

The Gujarat High Court rejected their anticipatory bail plea on 16 June 2026 , observing that " custodial interrogation of not only the applicant, but all other suspect/s is therefore imperative to unearth the truth." The Supreme Court, however, stepped in on 25 August 2026 with an interim order directing that the appellants not be arrested, subject to their cooperation with the investigation.

High Court's Overreach Corrected

Taking strong exception to the High Court's sweeping observation, the Supreme Court made its position unequivocal:

" It is not for the High Court to suggest any form of interrogation of an accused. This should be best left to the discretion of the investigating agency . "

The bench noted that the High Court's remark had "jeopardized the rights of other suspects" and cautioned that such unnecessary observations must be avoided. The court underscored that the allegations against the appellants were "all based on documents" and that custodial interrogation was not warranted, especially since the first appellant was a senior citizen who had already retired as a school principal.

Final Order and Implications

The Supreme Court set aside the Gujarat High Court's order dated 16 June 2026 and made its interim protection absolute. The appellants were directed to continue cooperating with the investigation.

The ruling reinforces a fundamental principle of criminal jurisprudence: courts must not dictate the manner of investigation. By affirming the investigating agency's discretion in matters of custodial interrogation, the Supreme Court has drawn a clear line between judicial oversight and executive function in the criminal justice system.

Key Observations from the Judgment: - " It is not for the High Court to suggest any form of interrogation of an accused. " - " This should be best left to the discretion of the investigating agency . " - " By such sweeping observation that custodial interrogation of not only the applicant but all other suspects is imperative, the rights of other 'suspects' have been jeopardized. " - " The High Court should avoid making such unnecessary observations. "

Case Title: Miteshgiri @ Mulrajgiri Sevagiri Goswami & Anr. v. State of Gujarat
Case No.: Criminal Appeal No. ___ of 2026 (@ SLP (Crl.) No. 15785/2026)
Bench: Justice Ujjal Bhuyan and Justice Atul S. Chandurkar
Decision Date: 30 September 2026