ITAT Kolkata Settles Dispute: Captive Power Pricing and CSR Deductions Get Green Light

In a significant ruling for the corporate sector, the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT), Kolkata Bench, has provided clarity on the taxation of captive power plants and the eligibility of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) expenditure under Section 80G. The bench, comprising Shri Rajesh Kumar (Accountant Member) and Shri Pradip Kumar Choubey (Judicial Member), dismissed the Revenue’s appeals, reaffirming that businesses can benchmark captive power at market-competitive rates and claim tax deductions for CSR donations to eligible institutions.

The Conflict: Market Value vs. Regulated Tariff

At the heart of the dispute was the method used to benchmark the "arm’s length price" of electricity transferred between the captive power plants of Balrampur Chini Mills Ltd. and its non-eligible units.

The Revenue’s Transfer Pricing Officer (TPO) had sought to adjust the company's valuation of power transfers, arguing for a lower rate based on rates generating companies charge to distribution utilities. The Assessee, however, maintained that the "market value"—as per Section 80-IA(8)—should reflect the tariff at which the State Electricity Board supplies power to industrial consumers in an open market.

Following Judicial Precedent

The Tribunal leaned heavily on the Supreme Court’s landmark judgment in CIT v. Jindal Steel & Power Limited . The Court held that the "market value" of captive power should be the rate at which electricity is supplied to consumers in the open market, as this reflects the true cost an industrial unit would incur if it were buying from a third-party distributor.

Following this logic, the ITAT noted that the Assessee’s adoption of the State Electricity Board’s tariff notification for industrial supply was correct, effectively neutralizing the Revenue's transfer pricing adjustment.

Clarifying CSR and Exempt Income

The litigation also spanned two other critical areas: 1. Section 14A Disallowance : The Revenue had attempted to make additions under Section 14A despite the company earning no exempt income. The Tribunal cited the Delhi High Court’s ruling in PCIT v. Era Infrastructure (India) Ltd. , confirming that in the absence of exempt income, no disallowance is legally tenable. 2. CSR Deductions under Section 80G : The AO had disallowed 50% of CSR expenditures treated as donations to 80G-registered institutions. The Tribunal observed that the law only explicitly bars deductions for CSR contributions to the Swachh Bharat Kosh and Clean Ganga Fund . Consequently, where CSR funds are paid as donations to other registered charitable organizations, they remain fully eligible for Section 80G deductions.

Key Observations

The judgment offers clear guidance on the interpretation of tax provisions:

• On Market Value: "The rate at which the State Electricity Board supplied power to the consumers has to be taken as the market value for computing deduction under section 80-IA of the Act."
• On CSR Eligibility: "The fact that specific prohibition/restriction has been made for CSR contributions only to two eligible charitable organizations, automatically implies that there is no prohibition/restriction in respect of claim of CSR expenses in any other case."
• On Section 14A: "Where there is no exempt income, no disallowance is called for u/s 14A of the Act."

Implications for Future Litigation

This decision acts as a potent shield for corporations operating captive utilities. By rejecting the TPO’s approach of using low-bulk-power rates for internal transfers, the Tribunal has upheld the commercial reality that internal supply savings should be measured against open-market costs.

Additionally, the clarification on CSR donations provides much-needed relief to companies committed to philanthropic spending, affirming that while CSR is mandatory, it does not strip a company of statutory benefits if the donations are routed through legitimate, tax-exempt channels. The dismissal of all Revenue appeals ensures that Balrampur Chini Mills Ltd. maintains its tax position for the assessment years in question, setting a stable precedent for future tax filings.