Requirement of Personal Explosives License for Quarry Permits: High Court of Kerala Rules on KMMC and Explosives Rules - 2025-09-09

Mining Proponents Must Hold Independent Explosives Licenses, Rules Kerala High Court

In a significant ruling concerning the regulation of minor minerals, the High Court of Kerala has clarified the statutory obligations for quarry operators. Justice Kauser Edappagath held that a project proponent applying for a quarrying permit under the Kerala Minor Mineral Concession (KMMC) Rules, 2015, must personally obtain an explosives license in their own name. This decision puts an end to the prevalent, yet legally infirm, practice of "piggybacking" on the explosives licenses of third parties to satisfy regulatory requirements.

The Backdrop: A Contested "Arrangement"

The dispute arose when the 7th respondent, an applicant for a quarry in Purapuzha Village, sought to circumvent the requirement to produce an independent explosives license. Instead, the respondent entered into an agreement with the 8th respondent—an existing holder of an LE-3 explosives license—and obtained an amendment from the 3rd respondent (the explosives licensing authority) to include the quarry site within the 8th respondent's license coverage.

The petitioners, local residents, challenged this arrangement, arguing that the statutory procedures under the Explosives Rules, 2008—specifically the rigorous enquiry into the safety and suitability of the site under Rule 103 —were being bypassed. They contended that a license is a personal authorization that cannot be transferred or shared to facilitate commercial operations.

Arguments from the Bench and Bar

The state’s Department of Mining and Geology supported the petitioners, clarifying that they had already instructed the 7th respondent to obtain a license in his own name. Conversely, the 7th and 8th respondents argued that the KMMC Rules do not explicitly mandate that the licensee be the concession holder. They maintained that the current practice of amending an LE-3 license was a routine administrative act authorized by the Petroleum and Explosive Safety Organisation (PESO).

The Court’s Reasoning: Why Safety Cannot be Subcontracted

Justice Kauser Edappagath rejected the respondents' reliance on "standard practice," emphasizing that the Explosives Act and Rules are not merely administrative hurdles but vital safety frameworks. The court highlighted that a "No Objection Certificate" (NOC) and the subsequent license require a site-specific enquiry that considers public interest, safety, and background verification.

By simply amending an existing license, the authorities were bypassing the mandatory Rule 103 enquiry for the new quarry site. The court underscored that allowing a third party to manage blasting operations under their own license for a separate site effectively insulates the quarry operator from the legal and safety accountability mandated by the law.

Key Observations

The judgment clarifies the non-transferable nature of the explosive licensing process:

• "The explosives licence confers a personal right that cannot be transferred or leased to another person, as is purportedly done through Ext.P4."
• "A project proponent seeking a quarrying permit or lease under Rule 8 or Rule 33 of the KMMC Rules must obtain an explosives licence in their own name to secure the quarrying permit or lease."
• "The current practice adopted by the 7th and 8th respondents... is illegal. It seeks to bypass statutory restrictions and procedures under the Explosives Rules, and therefore, cannot be upheld."

A Clear Mandate for the Future

The High Court has quashed the permission granted to the 8th respondent to conduct blasting operations at the 7th respondent’s quarry. The ruling effectively mandates that any entity seeking to extract minerals through blasting must undergo the full, independent scrutiny of the licensing authorities. For future mining projects in Kerala, this sets a high bar for regulatory compliance, ensuring that safety, rather than convenience, remains the primary driver of the licensing process. Proponents can no longer rely on shared arrangements to bypass the legal burdens associated with the dangerous nature of explosives.