Salman Khan's Personality Rights Suit: Delhi High Court Records Film 'Kala Hiran' Not Releasable

The Delhi High Court on Thursday recorded a crucial statement from the makers of the proposed film Kala Hiran: The Battle for Legacy that the movie is not yet in a "releasable state" as its content awaits certification from the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC). The statement came during the hearing of actor Salman Khan's suit seeking to restrain the film's release on any platform, alleging infringement of his personality rights.

Justice Jyoti Singh, presiding over the matter, took the submission on record and directed the defendant to file a reply within two weeks, with the matter now listed for further hearing on September 30. The court also noted that Khan's counsel raised the issue of a potential OTT release, which does not require CBFC certification, and recorded that concern as well.

Background: The Blackbuck Case and the Film

The controversy stems from a film that its makers have acknowledged is "inspired by" the 1998 blackbuck poaching case in which Salman Khan was accused. Although Khan was acquitted under the Arms Act by a Rajasthan court, the film's promotional material—including a poster released in May—depicts a character bearing an uncanny resemblance to the actor, complete with his signature bracelet and ear studs. Khan's legal team has argued that this amounts to a "blatant and obvious reference" to him and that the film spreads a false narrative.

Khan had previously filed a sweeping personality rights suit against unknown entities (John Doe) to protect his name, image, and likeness from unauthorized commercial exploitation. In July, the High Court had already ordered the takedown of teaser links and other related posts, restraining the makers from disseminating content that violates his personality rights or harms his reputation.

Key Developments in Court

During the September 10 hearing, Senior Advocate Ravi Prakash , appearing for Khan, expressed alarm that the makers had earlier indicated a September release. "Suppose the movie releases it will cause immense harm to me," he submitted, urging the court to act swiftly.

Counsel for defendant Amit Jani, the film's producer, initially told the court he had no instructions on a release date. When pressed by Justice Jyoti Singh, he clarified that the movie was not in a releasable form and had not even been sent to the censor board. The court then recorded the precise statement: "The impugned movie at this stage is not in a releasable state as its content is yet to be certified by the censor board."

Khan's counsel countered that an OTT release does not require censor board certification, and the court noted this submission. The judge also directed the producer to inform the court of the proposed release date by September 14 , with an oral direction that "till then you will not release it."

Legal Analysis: Personality Rights and Freedom of Expression

The case underscores the evolving jurisprudence of personality rights in India. While the right to control commercial use of one's name, image, and likeness is recognized, it must be balanced against freedom of speech and expression, especially when a film claims to be based on public events. The makers have argued that the film is not a biopic and that Khan cannot invoke personality rights to "erase" public events concerning the blackbuck controversy.

Khan, in his rejoinder, clarified that he is not claiming a monopoly over any event or public discourse, but rather objecting to the unauthorized commercial exploitation of his identity and uniquely identifiable characteristics—such as his bracelet and ear studs—to attract viewers. The court's earlier interim order had already restrained the makers from using his name, mannerisms, and distinctive attributes without authorization.

The issue of CBFC certification adds another layer. For theatrical releases, certification is mandatory, but OTT platforms operate under a different regulatory framework. The court's recording of Khan's concern on this point suggests that the makers may attempt to circumvent the theatrical route, making the interim relief application critical.

Impact on Legal Practice

For legal professionals, this case highlights the practical challenges of protecting personality rights in the digital age. The speed and reach of online dissemination, as noted by the court in its July order, "exacerbates the mischief" compared to traditional media. The use of John Doe suits to target unknown infringers remains a potent tool, but securing interim relief before a film's release requires clear evidence of imminent harm.

The court's direction to the producer to disclose the release date and its insistence on recording the present status of the film demonstrates a proactive approach to preventing irreparable damage. The next hearing on September 30 will likely focus on the maintainability of the suit, with the defendant having raised objections under Section 12A of the Commercial Courts Act and on jurisdictional grounds.

Conclusion

The Delhi High Court's recording of the film's unreleasable status provides temporary relief to Salman Khan, but the broader legal battle over personality rights versus creative expression is far from over. As the matter progresses, the court will have to weigh the actor's right to control his public image against the filmmakers' right to portray public figures in dramatic works. The outcome will have significant implications for the entertainment industry and the protection of celebrity rights in India.

The case is listed for further hearing on September 30, with the defendant's reply due within two weeks.