Supreme Court Directs Bihar Government To Clear Ganga Bank Encroachments Within Six Weeks Today

The Supreme Court of India, led by Justice J.B. Pardiwala and Justice K.V. Viswanathan, has delivered a stern directive to the Bihar government, ordering the immediate removal of all unauthorized structures between Nauzar Ghat and Nurpur Ghat in Patna. This order mandates that the state administration clear these encroachments within six weeks, ensuring the preservation of the Ganga river’s ecological integrity.

Addressing Persistent Encroachment

The proceedings stem from a long-standing appeal, Ashok Kumar Sinha versus Union of India & Ors. , which challenged the dismissal of a plea concerning illegal constructions on eco-fragile floodplains. Despite prior judicial intervention, the Supreme Court noted that the authorities had failed to take meaningful action, with hundreds of illegal structures continuing to occupy the riverbanks. The Court expressed significant concern, stating that existing interim orders from lower courts would not hinder this mandatory compliance.

Broadening the Scope of River Conservation

The Apex Court has expanded its oversight beyond Bihar, issuing a final warning to various states regarding their failure to provide comprehensive status reports on riverbank encroachments. The Court has now summoned information from the State of Himachal Pradesh and the State of Madhya Pradesh, emphasizing that any further delays from state administrations could lead to the summoning of their respective Chief Secretaries. Furthermore, the bench turned its attention to the Yamuna in Vrindavan, ordering a status quo on all ongoing construction activity to prevent the further shrinking of the river channel.

Key Observations

The Court emphasized the environmental urgency of these actions through the following observations:

  • "Our concern is to ensure that the ecological flow of water is maintained."
  • "We grant six weeks’ time to the State of Bihar to ensure that each and every unauthorized structures / construction and the encroachments are removed between Nauzar Ghat to Nurpur Ghat in Patna."
  • "Irrespective of any order that may be in operation, our directions shall be fully complied with."
  • "What has been highlighted in the interlocutory application is something very serious. It is a matter of concern."

Judicial Determination and Impact

The Supreme Court has mandated that the State of Bihar file a compliance report via affidavit by the next hearing, scheduled for September 23, 2026. By setting aside conflicting district-level interim orders, the bench has reaffirmed its commitment to the River Ganga (Rejuvenation, Protection and Management) Authorities Order, 2016. This decisive ruling underscores the judiciary’s role in protecting national river systems, signaling that environmental protection will take precedence over local legal impediments in the protection of floodplains across current basin states.