Why Bar Council of India Chairman Manan Kumar Mishra Faces Resignation Calls After NALSAR Row

In a dramatic escalation of tensions within India's legal community, lawyers gathered outside the Bar Council of India (BCI) office in New Delhi on Thursday to demand the resignation of BCI Chairman Manan Kumar Mishra. The protest, organized by the All India Young Advocates Association, comes in the aftermath of a controversial BCI order that directed State Bar Councils not to enrol the entire graduating batch of NALSAR University of Law for 2026. Though the order was swiftly withdrawn and proceedings closed, the incident has ignited a broader reckoning over the BCI's exercise of regulatory power, the accountability of its leadership, and the welfare of the legal profession itself.

Background: The NALSAR Convocation Dispute

The row began when a section of NALSAR's 2026 graduating students opposed the university's decision to invite Chief Justice of India Surya Kant as the chief guest at their convocation. The students' objection was reportedly linked to the CJI's handling of a petition concerning alleged police excesses during a July 20 protest in Delhi. While the students exercised their right to peaceful dissent, the BCI viewed the campaign as a serious challenge to the institution's authority. On August 13, the BCI issued a communication directing State Bar Councils to refuse enrolment to any student from the graduating batch until further orders. The council also sought details from NALSAR identifying the students involved.

The order drew immediate and widespread criticism. Students, lawyers, and political voices questioned the proportionality of penalising an entire batch for the actions of a few. The Supreme Court itself took note, with CJI Surya Kant describing the intervention as "absolutely unnecessary" and reaffirming that students have the right to peacefully raise their voices. The court also questioned whether the BCI chairman had the authority to issue such directions without a properly convened council decision.

Within days, the BCI reversed course. It allowed all 2026 graduates to seek enrolment with the State Bar Council of their choice and later announced that proceedings against the batch had been closed entirely, after considering representations from advocates, students, and other stakeholders. On August 15, Chairman Mishra issued a public apology, stating that an expression of regret was not a matter of "prestige or ego" and that students' concerns mattered. He said he "sincerely regret[ted] and apologise[d]" if his words or communication had hurt them.

From Apology to Resignation Demand

The apology, however, failed to quell the discontent. The Bombay Bar Association, in a resolution discussed on August 17 and 18, described the chairman's August 13 action as an "abuse of power" and characterised the subsequent apology as belated. The association argued that the apology could not be treated as an expression of "true remorse" while Mishra continued as chairman and demanded his resignation.

The protest outside the BCI office on August 20 shifted the controversy from NALSAR's campus to the wider legal profession. Advocate Raman Sharma , who participated in the demonstration, questioned Mishra's long tenure at the helm of the BCI . According to the council's own records, Mishra has led the institution for roughly 14 years, having first become chairman in 2012 and returning to the post later that year after a subsequent term. "This is primarily a movement by lawyers," Sharma said, underscoring that the grievances extend far beyond the NALSAR episode.

Lawyers' Broader Demands: Accountability, Welfare, and Reform

Protesters raised a range of concerns that have simmered within the legal community for years. Advocate Umesh Kumar alleged that the BCI had not done enough for the welfare of lawyers and law students. He pointed to repeated attacks on lawyers, the lack of adequate stipends for young advocates, insufficient chambers, and deteriorating quality of legal education. Kumar also alleged that the BCI had sometimes prioritised political issues over professional concerns.

The demands articulated at the protest include: greater accountability within the BCI, better welfare measures for advocates, stipends for young lawyers, provision of chambers, regulation of law colleges, and comprehensive reforms concerning the Advocates Act. These are not new issues, but the NALSAR controversy has provided a catalyst for lawyers to voice their long-standing frustrations.

Legal and Institutional Implications

The NALSAR episode raises fundamental questions about the scope of the BCI's regulatory authority under the Advocates Act. The council initially justified its intervention by arguing that it could not remain a "mute spectator" to what it described as a serious situation involving legal education. However, critics contend that the BCI overstepped its mandate by threatening the professional future of an entire graduating batch over a student protest that was peaceful and lawful.

The Supreme Court's observation that the BCI's action was "absolutely uncalled for" lends weight to the argument that the council's powers are not unlimited. Two NALSAR alumni have approached the apex court seeking an inquiry into how the directions were issued, particularly whether the chairman acted unilaterally or with the consent of the full council.

If the court decides to examine the procedural validity of the order, it could set important precedents for how the BCI exercises its quasi-judicial and regulatory functions. The incident also highlights the need for transparent decision-making within the BCI, including proper documentation of council meetings and clear delegation of authority.

Impact on the Legal Profession and Regulatory Framework

The resignation demand against Mishra reflects a broader crisis of confidence in the leadership of the BCI. Lawyers are increasingly questioning whether an individual should hold the chairmanship for over a decade, given the potential for concentration of power and resistance to reform. The Bombay Bar Association's call for resignation is significant because it comes from a respected bar association, not just from student groups or activist lawyers.

The controversy also underscores the tension between the BCI as a regulator and the autonomy of law students and young lawyers. The right to dissent, as affirmed by the CJI, is a cornerstone of a healthy legal profession. If the BCI is perceived as suppressing that right, it risks alienating the next generation of legal practitioners.

Moreover, the crisis has diverted attention from substantive issues that require urgent attention: stipends for young advocates, infrastructure for lawyers in district courts, and the regulation of private law colleges where quality often lags. The protesters' demands, if taken seriously, could lead to meaningful reforms in the legal profession.

Conclusion

The NALSAR row has morphed from a campus dispute into a defining moment for the governance of India's legal profession. Chairman Manan Kumar Mishra's apology may have closed the chapter on the enrolment order, but it has not resolved the underlying questions about his continued leadership. Lawyers outside the BCI office have made clear that accountability, transparency, and welfare are not negotiable.

As the Supreme Court might weigh in on the procedural aspects, and as bar associations across the country voice their concerns, the coming weeks will test whether the BCI can restore trust or whether the calls for resignation will intensify. For now, the legal community watches closely, knowing that the outcome will shape the relationship between India's lawyers and their regulator for years to come.