Judgment

RAY, C. J.:- Civil Appeal No. 275 of 1971 is by certificate from the judgment dated 6 August, 1970 of the High Court of Kerala The appellant is M. Ramanatha Pillai.

2. Civil Appeal No. 2231 of 1970 is by certificate from the judgment D/- 29, January, 1970 of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana The appellants are S. Ajit Singh and Jamna Dass Akhtar.

3. Civil Appeal No. 248 of l971 is by certificate from the judgment dated 30 September, 1970 of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana The appellants are seven in number. They are Kulbhushan Lal, Krishna Lal, Jagdev Singh, Shanti Sarup, Dilawar Singh, Ram Asra and Inder Lal.

4. The facts in Civil Appeal No. 275 of 1971 are these. A Vigilance Commission was constituted for the State of Kerala by an order dated 29 May. 1965, The Government of Kerala on 26 October, 1965 sanctioned the creation of a temporary post of Vigilance Commissioner for a period of three years from 3 June, 1965. P. D. Nandana Menon assumed charge as Vigilance Commissioner in that temporary post.

5. By an order dated 16 April, l966 the Government of Kerala defined the constitution, jurisdiction, powers and functions of the Commission. The Order stated that the Commi