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1992 Supreme(SC) 219

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
S.C. AGRAWAL AND S. MOHAN, JJ.
Vinay Krishna, Appellant
Versus
Keshav Chandra and another, Respondents.
Civil Appeal No. 3654 of 1983
Decided on 6-3-1992.

Headnote:

Specific Relief Act – Section 42, 34 - Disputed property – Compromise - Income from entire disputed property will be received by defendant No. 3 for her entire lifetime - She will have the absolute right to spend the income. In the disputed property, after excluding the property worth money plaintiff and defendants Nos. 1 to 3 have equal shares i.e. everyone is owner of 1/4th share." decree passed on this compromise to the following effect: Income from the entire disputed property will be received by defendant No. 3 for her entire lifetime. She will have the absolute right to spend this income. In the disputed property, after excluding the property worth amount plaintiff and the defendants Nos. 1 to 3 have equal shares i.e. every one is the owner of one-fourth share - Defendant No. 3 is the absolute owner of the above mentioned property worth amount and her own above mentioned share in the property - Will remain in possession and will manage the entire disputed property for her lifetime."- Held it fell outside Section 42 of the Act. Supreme General Exchanges case itself related to a lease. But we are confronted in the present situation with a declaration of title in relation to immovable property which is specifically covered under Section 42 of the Specific Relief Act. So, this again does not lend any support to the appellant - Prayer such other relief be granted to the plaintiff it does not mean that without a specific plea for possession and disregarding bar under Section 42 (proviso) of the Specific Relief Act, the suit could be decreed even with reference to the portions of which the plaintiff has been in possession - Appeal is dismissed

Judgement Key Points

Certainly. Here are the key points derived from the provided legal document:

  • The case involves a dispute over property rights and the validity of a compromise decree related to the ownership and management of a disputed property (!) (!) .
  • The compromise decree states that income from the entire property will be received and solely spent by a specific defendant for her lifetime, and she will have absolute rights over this income (!) (!) .
  • The decree further clarifies that the defendant will be the absolute owner of a specified property worth a certain amount, and she will manage the entire disputed property during her lifetime (!) .
  • The legal issue revolves around whether the decree and the subsequent suit for declaration of ownership fall within the scope of Section 42 of the Specific Relief Act, which bars certain declaratory suits concerning immovable property when the plaintiff is not in exclusive possession (!) (!) .
  • The court held that the decree and the compromise fell outside the scope of Section 42, as they related to a declaration of title and not mere possession or lease rights, and thus, the bar under Section 42 did not apply (!) (!) .
  • The original suit for declaration of ownership was dismissed because the plaintiff was not in exclusive possession of the property, and the failure to amend the plaint or seek possession was a significant procedural defect (!) (!) .
  • The court emphasized that a suit seeking only a declaration without seeking possession is limited by Section 42, which requires the plaintiff to be in exclusive possession or to seek possession to avoid the bar (!) (!) .
  • The importance of properly framing pleadings and amendments was underscored, as failure to do so can restrict the court’s ability to grant relief, especially when the bar under Section 42 applies (!) (!) .
  • The court dismissed the appeal, reaffirming that procedural and substantive legal principles restrict the scope of declaratory suits concerning immovable property where the plaintiff does not have exclusive possession or has not amended the pleadings accordingly (!) .

These points summarize the legal reasoning, the scope of the relevant statutory provisions, and the procedural considerations relevant to this case.


JUDGMENT

The donor of the appellant Smt. Jamuna Kunwar filed suit No. 23/63 for a declaration of the title with respect to three properties bearing Nos. 51, 52 and 53 Civil Lines, Bareilly. The defendants Keshav Chandra and Jagdish Chandra are her sons. It appears that Keshav Chandra filed Suit No. 46 of 1956 on the file of learned Civil Judge, Bareilly claiming a share in the properties described in the plaint schedule attached thereto against Smt. Jamuna Kunwar and his two brothers Jagdish Chandra and Gokul Chandra. A compromise was entered into between the parties. Based on the compromise the Civil Judge, Bareilly passed a decree dated 26-2-1960. The relevant clause in the compromise which has a bearing in this case reads as follows:

"The income from the entire disputed property will be received by Smt. Jamuna Kunwar defendant No. 3 for her entire lifetime. She will have the absolute right to spend the income. In the disputed property, after excluding the property worth Rs. 20,000/- the plaintiff and defendants Nos. 1 to 3 have equal shares i.e. every one is the owner of 1/4th share."

The decree passed on this compromise to the following effect:

"1. The income from the entire disputed property will be received by Smt. Jamuna Kunwar defendant No. 3 for her entire lifetime. She will have the absolute right to spend this income. In the disputed property, after excluding the property worth Rs. 20,000/ (twenty thousand) the plaintiff and the defendants Nos. 1 to 3 have equal shares i.e. every one is the owner of one-fourth share.

2. The defendant No. 3 Smt. Jamuna Kunwar is the absolute owner of the above mentioned property worth Rs. 20,000/(Twenty Thousand) and her own above mentioned share in the property.

3. Smt. Jamuna Kunwar will remain in possession and will manage the entire disputed property for her lifetime."

Based on this decree the suit was filed for declaration with reference to Bungalows Nos. 51, 52 and 53 which were valued at Rs. 20,000/- as seen from the above decree.

2. The specific case of the plaintiff as averred in the plaint was that she was in exclusive possession of these three bungalows. In para 8 of the plaint it was stated that "the plaintiff is the sole and absolute owner of the properties bearing Nos. 51, 52 and 53, Civil Lines, Bareilly as described above and she is entitled to peaceful enjoyment of her properties without hindrance from frustrating defendants 1 and 2 and these defendants have no. right, interest or title whatsoever in these properties". The prayer was to the following effect:

"That the plaintiff respectfully prays the Honble Court may be pleased to declare that the plaintiff is the full and absolute owner in possession of the properties Nos. 51, 52 and 53 Civil Lines, Bareilly fully described in para 6 above to the exclusion of the defendants and a decree declaring the above rights interest and title is in the said properties Nos. 51, 52 and 53 Civil Lines, Bareilly, be passed in favour of the plaintiff against defendants with costs of the suit or such other relief be granted to the plaintiff to which she may be found entitled to on the merits of the case".

3. In the written statement of the first defendant in paragraph 8 of the Additional Pleas it was stated thus:

"The plaintiff is in the exclusive possession of the properties in suit. The present suit is barred under S. 42 of the Specific Relief Act". In the additional pleas in paragraph 7 of the written statement, the second defendant averred that "the suit is barred by S. 42 of the Specific Relief Act as the plaintiff has never taken judicial possession over the shares of the other co-sharers of the properties mentioned in the suit". In the additional written statement of defendant No. 1 in paragraph 6 it was stated that "the plaintiff is out of possession of the properties in suit".

4. The trial Court dismissed the suit. It appears certain other suits also came to be clubbed along with this suit and all of them were dismissed. Thereupon the

















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