Vaidialingam,

(1) IN both the Writ Petition under Articlev 32 and the Civil, by special leave, common questions that arise for consideration relate to the validity of Rules 28-B and 32 of the Rajastlian Administralive Service Rules, 1954 (herenafter to be referred as the Rules) and the Circular No. F. 1. (6) Applts. D/50, dated August 27, 1066, issut-d by the Chief secretary .to the government of Rajasthan as well as the Order of the government of Rajasthan No. F. 2(24) Apptts. (A-IV)/66, dated 4/01/1967. In the two writ petition-, the Order No. F. 2(24) Appits. (A-IV)/66, dated, 22/01/1970, and in Writ Petition No. 139 of 1070 a further Order of the State government No. F. 27(24)A (A-4)/66, dated February 21, 1970, are also challenged. the nature of the various Orders, as well as the Rules and the Circular that are challenged will be referred to later at the appropriate stage.

(2) CIVIL No. 1815 of 1970 arises out of the division bench Judgment of the Rajasthan High court, dated 20/01/1970, in D. B. Special Appeal No. 57 of 1968. The facts leading up to the Civil may be stated : The appellant is an Arts Graduate having taken his degree in 1947. He took