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1994 Supreme(SC) 941

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
M.N.Venkatachaliah, C.J.I., K.Ramaswamy, J.
Shyam Sunder Dutta
Versus
Baikuntha Nath Banerjee
Case No. : 3190 of 1988
Date of Decision : 9/21/94
Advocates Appeared: Chatterjee G.S. : Chatterjee P.K. : Ghosh Sukumar

Advocates:
G.S.CHATTERJEE, P.K.CHATTERJI, SUKUMAR GHOSH

Headnote:

Bengal Tenancy Act – Tenant - Interim injunction - Limited interest of tenancy by adverse possession - Entire evidence on record considered together clearly shows that defendants are out of possession from suit lands from and that the plaintiff and his co-sharers are in actual physical possession of suit lands from that time - Evidence considered with documentary evidence discussed above lends support to the evidence of Public Witness defendants were not in possession of suit lands from and that the plaintiff and his co-sharer are possessing the suit properties from that time – Court accordingly hold that the defendants failed to prove that they acquired any limited interest of tenancy by adverse possession – Held, On discharge of the Receiver, the licensee has no right to remain in possession as either a tenant or a licensee - Therefore period of his possession cannot be treated or tagged for the purpose of claiming adverse possession - Finding of the courts below High court was that the respondents remained in possession and during that period, such possession cannot be treated to be adverse to the real owner of property. Consequently, the declaration given by the High court that respondents had acquired the tenancy rights by prescription is clearly illegal - Question of the respondents to have remained in possession cannot be gone into by the High court, since the District court on consideration of entire evidence had categorically recorded a finding of fact that the appellant and his co-sharers remained in possession from and that respondents were not continuing in possession from that time - This being a finding of fact, the High court would not have gone into question - However, it would appear that on question of limitation under the Bengal Tenancy Act when the arguments were addressed in consideration of that question High court has gone into the question whether the respondents were not dispossessed from suit lands and recorded a finding that they remained in possession - That finding does not appear to be warranted in view of the fact that the evidence was not discussed and as rightly contended the only evidence High court had considered was that of Public Witness 1 but the first appellate court had considered the evidence documentary evidence and that evidence was found to be in support of the evidence given by Public Witness 1 that respondents did not continue in possession - Therefore finding recorded by High court, in fact, was not necessary - Even otherwise, that finding was recorded without adverting to all the material evidence and that therefore finding of possession recorded by High court is clearly illegal – Appeal allowed

(1) THIS case has a chequered career. Initially, Title Suit No. 40 of 1927 was filed for partition of the plaint-schedule-properties by the mother of the appellant. Pending suit, a Receiver was appointed on 3/5/1933. During the course of the administration of the plaint-schedule-properties, he had inducted the respondents into possession purporting to be as tenants. Ultimately, the suit was decreed in January 1940 and the Receiver was discharged in December 1941. Thereafter, the appellant on attaining majority, filed a second partition suit Title Suit No. 53 of 1944, for partition of other properties and also the suit property which was jointly in possession and enjoyment of him and his co-sharers. He also filed an application for ad interim injunction to restrain the respondents from interfering with his possession when there was a threat of dispossession. On 30/4/1944, a preliminary decree in the Title Suit No. 53 of 1944 was passed followed by a final decree of 7/11/1949. Thereafter in November 1955, the third suit T.S. No. 164 of 1955, was filed against the defendants when the threat of dispossession to the extent of 2 acres and 21 cents was persisting for a declaration that the lands therein together with the garden and fruit-bearing trees belong to the appellant and his co-sharers and the respondents have no tenancy rights created by the Receiver and for perpetual injunction restraining them from interfering with their possession. The trial court dismissed the suit on 30/5/1959, in Title Appeal No. 773 of 1959, by judgment and decree dated 17/1 /1974.

(2) THE appellate court recorded the findings thus:

"THE entire evidence on record considered together clearly shows that the defendants are out of possession from the suit lands from August 1945 and that the plaintiff and his co-sharers are in actual physical possession of the suit lands from that time. The evidence of PWs 2, 3, 4 and 5 considered with the documentary evidence discussed above lends support to the evidence of Public Witness 1 that the defendants were not in possession of the suit lands from August 1945 and that the plaintiff and his co-sharer are possessing the suit properties from that time. I accordingly hold that the defendants failed to prove that they acquired any limited interest of tenancy by adverse possession."

The appellate court decreed thus:

"IT is hereby declared that the suit land is in joint possession of the plaintiff and the pro-defendants and that the defendants 1 to 5 have no tenancy therein or any right to possess the same. Defendants 1 to 5 are hereby permanently restrained from interfering in any way with the plaintiffs possession of the suit lands."

(3) FEELING aggrieved against the appellate decree, the respondents filed Second Appeal No. 153 of 1975 in the High court. The learned Single Judge, by judgment and decree dated 16/8/1984, reversed the decree of the appellate court and confirmed the decree of the trial court. The High court held that the respondents remained in possession of the property and they have acquired by adverse possession the limited right of tenancy and that, therefore, the decree of the appellate court is not valid in law.

(4) THE question that arises in the appeal is whether the respondents have acquired any tenancy rights pursuant to the tenancy created by the Receiver by adverse possession. This court in P. Lakshmi Reddy v. L. Lakshmi Reddy held that

"THE Receivers possession could not be tacked on to Hs possession, as a Receiver is as an officer of the court and is not the agent of any party to the suit and notwithstanding that in law his possession is ultimately treated as possession of the successful party on the termination of the suit, he could not be considered as the agent of such party with the animus of claiming sole and exclusive title with a view to initiate adverse possession, and during the time of the Receivers possession the respondent could not sue H



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