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2000 Supreme(SC) 979

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
A.S.Anand, CJI., R.C.Lahoti : S.N.Variava, JJ.
State Of Bihar
Versus
Abhay Chand Bothra
Case No. : 3245 of 2000
Date of Decision : 5/5/00

Subject

Civil Law - Limitation

Act Referred

Headnote

(A) Limitation Act, 1963 - Section 5 - Condonation of delay in filing appeal - When delay in filing an appeal is attributable to the conduct of departmental authorities acting against the interest of the revenue, and the matter has not yet been decided on merits, it would be just and fair to remand the case for disposal on merits to ensure justice is served. (Paras 4, 6)

Facts of the case:
The respondent filed a writ application seeking directions to a revenue official to issue rent receipts for a specific piece of land. A Single Judge disposed of the application in favor of the respondent as the state failed to appear or file a counter-affidavit. The state’s subsequent review application was dismissed, and a Letters Patent Appeal was filed after a delay of approximately two years. The Division Bench dismissed the appeal as barred by time, rejecting the application for condonation of delay.

Findings of Court:
The court observed that the delay in filing the appeal was caused by departmental authorities who deliberately worked against the interest of the revenue. Since neither the Single Judge nor the Division Bench had dealt with the merits of the case, it is appropriate that the writ application be decided on its own merits. (Paras 4, 6)

Issues: Whether an appeal dismissed on the ground of limitation should be revived and remanded for decision on merits when the delay was caused by the negligence or misconduct of government officials.

Ratio Decidendi: In the interest of justice and fairness, where a case has not been adjudicated on merits and the delay in pursuing legal remedies is attributable to the misconduct of state officials, the court may condone the delay and remand the matter for a decision on merits. (Paras 6, 7)

Result: Appeal allowed and the case remanded to the Single Judge of the High Court.

(1) LEAVE granted.

(2) IT appears that respondent filed a writ application, being CWJC No. 4615/1994 in the High Court of Patna seeking directions to Anchal Adhikari to issue rent receipts for land, measuring 49 decimals situated in Mouza-Chhatapur and comprising in Khata No. 3416(old,), Kheera (Khasra) No. 619 (new). It was the case of the writ petitioner that jamabandi had already been created and rent @ Rs. 25 per acre had been fixed from the date of abolition ofzamindari. The grievance projected before the High Court appears to have been that despite the creation of jamabandi and fixation of rent @ Rs. 25 per acre, rent receipts were not being issued to the writ petitioner by Anchal Adhikari. Notice was issued in the writ application to the State of Bihar and others. Despite service of notice, nobody appeared before the learned Single Judge. No counter affidavit was also filed, as is apparent from the order of the learned Single Judge, dated 15.2.1995. The learned Single Judge, accordingly, disposed of the writ application by accepting the averments made in the application and directed the Anchal Adhikari to issue rent receipts in terms of the earlier order dated 20.11.1991, in favour of the writ petitioner. The State was aggrieved of the order of the learned Single Judge and filed a review application, being Civil Review No. 218 of 1995. That application, however, came to be dismissed on 12th March, 1996. The State, thereafter, filed a Letters Patent Appeal, being LPA No. 245/97. Since, the appeal was filed on 24th February, 1997, putting in issue the order made in Civil Writ Application, dated 15.2.1995, the State also filed an application seeking condonation of delay of about two years in filing the Letters Patent Appeal. The Division Bench of the High Court recorded that they were not satisfied with the explanation for the delay in filing LPA and consequently, application seeking condonation of delay was rejected and Letters Patent Appeal was dismissed as barred by time.

(3) THE order of the Division Bench has been put in issue before us through this appeal by special leave.

(4) ON 14th December, 1998, this Court, while issuing notice for final disposal of the Special Leave Petition and directing an ad-interim stay of the impugned order, condoned the delay in filing of the Special Leave Petition in view of "special facts and circumstances and, in particular, the statements made in the affidavit filed before the High Court." Subsequently, on 4th January, 2000, this Court made the following order :

"THE Letters Patent Appeal has been dismissed by the Division Bench of the High Court as barred by time. We have perused the application filed in the High Court under Section 5 of the Limitation Act seeking condonation of delay. It appears that the departmental authorities were deliberately trying to work against the interest of the Revenue. Mr. B.B. Singh, learned Counsel appearing for the State submits that against the Deputy Collector, Land Reforms, Birpurwho had committed other irregularities also, proceedings were instituted. He refers to Page E of the list of dates and events in that behalf. He, however, is unable to tell us as to the nature of the proceedings or action, if any, has been taken against the Deputy Collector, Land Reforms, Birpur. Mr. B.B. Singh seeks six weeks time to furnish the information. We have pointed to Mr. Singh that if no action has been taken against the Deputy Collector, Land Reforms, Birpur till date, an adverse inference may have to be drawn against the State."

(5) WE are informed by Mr. B.B. Singh, learned Counsel appearing for the State that action has since been initiated against, the concerned official and even a First Information Report has been filed and investigation is in progress.

(6) KEEPING in view various factors mentioned by us above, in our opinion, it would be just, fair and appropriate, that the writ application filed by the respond





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