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2015 Supreme(SC) 1245

M.Y.EQBAL, C.NAGAPPAN
Reserve Bank of India – Appellant
Versus
Jayantilal N. Mistry – Respondent


Judgement Key Points

Based on the provided legal document, the key points are as follows:

  1. The Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005, establishes that information held by public authorities, including inspection reports and related documents, falls under the scope of "information" that must be accessible to the public, unless specifically exempted (!) (!) (!) .

  2. The RTI Act provides certain exemptions from disclosure, notably when such information could prejudicially affect the sovereignty, integrity, security, scientific or economic interests of the State, or when it involves fiduciary relationships or confidential information received from foreign governments (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) .

  3. The Act emphasizes balancing transparency with other public interests, allowing disclosure if the larger public interest warrants it, even if the information falls under exemptions (!) (!) .

  4. The statutory framework of other laws, such as the RBI Act, Banking Regulation Act, and Credit Information Companies Act, contains provisions for confidentiality and non-disclosure, which the RTI Act does not automatically override. The RTI Act is a general law that coexists with these specific statutes, and in case of conflict, the specific confidentiality provisions generally prevail (!) (!) (!) (!) .

  5. The concept of fiduciary relationship involves trust and confidence, and such a relationship typically entails a duty of loyalty, confidentiality, and acting in the best interest of the beneficiary. However, the document clarifies that the RBI does not share a fiduciary relationship with banks when conducting inspections or obtaining information; instead, the reports are obtained in a statutory, regulatory capacity, which does not impose a fiduciary duty (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) .

  6. The disclosure of inspection reports and related documents by the RBI or banks is generally protected under the exemption clauses of the RTI Act, especially when such disclosures could harm the economic interests of the country, commercial confidence, or involve confidential information obtained in a fiduciary capacity (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) .

  7. The RTI Act aims to promote transparency and accountability in governance, recognizing that the right to information is a fundamental right. However, this right is subject to limitations where disclosure could harm public interest, national security, or violate statutory confidentiality provisions (!) (!) (!) .

  8. The authorities, including the RBI, are expected to act transparently and disclose information unless explicitly exempted, with the courts and information commissions emphasizing the importance of balancing transparency with confidentiality concerns (!) (!) (!) .

  9. The law acknowledges that certain information, especially that which affects the economic stability or involves sensitive financial data, may be withheld to protect the broader public interest. Nonetheless, the disclosure of non-sensitive, publicly owned information is encouraged to promote transparency (!) (!) (!) (!) .

  10. Overall, the legal framework supports disclosure of information to the extent that it does not conflict with statutory confidentiality provisions or harm the public interest, with the RTI Act serving as a tool to promote transparency within these boundaries.


JUDGMENT

M.Y. EQBAL, J.

Main issue that arises for our consideration in these transferred cases is as to whether all the information sought for under the Right to Information Act, 2005 can be denied by the Reserve Bank of India and other Banks to the public at large on the ground of economic interest, commercial confidence, fiduciary relationship with other Bank on the one hand and the public interest on the other. If the answer to above question is in negative, then upto what extent the information can be provided under the 2005 Act.

2. It has been contended by the RBI that it carries out inspections of banks and financial institutions on regular basis and the inspection reports prepared by it contain a wide range of information that is collected in a fiduciary capacity. The facts in brief of the Transfer Case No.91 of 2015 are that during May-June, 2010 the statutory inspection of Makarpura Industrial Estate Cooperative Bank Ltd. was conducted by RBI under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. Thereafter, in October 2010, the Respondent sought following information from the CPIO of















































































































































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