SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
M. R. Shah, B.V. Nagarathna, JJ.
Dr. Jacob Thudipara – Appellant
Versus
The State of Madhya Pradesh & Ors. – Respondent
Civil Appeal No. 2974 of 2022
Decided on : 21-04-2022
Civil Services -- retirement -- age of superannuation/retirement -- enhancement of age of superannuation to 65 years -- appeal preferred by appellant before High Court dismissed relying upon decision of Full Court in case of Dr. S. C. Jain, which was subsequently set aside in case of Dr. R. S. Sohane -- held -- appellant entitled to all consequential and monetary benefits including arrears of salaries and allowances for intervening period, as if he would have been retired at age of 65 years -- appellant being similarly situated teacher, cannot be singled out -- principle of 'no work no pay' not applicable -- teachers were prevented from serving up to age of 65 years though they were entitled to -- cannot be denied monetary benefits for intervening period. 2019 (2) JLJ 488 (SC), 2019 (2) JLJ 274 (FB) (overruled), Writ Appeal No. 1857 of 2019 decided on 29.11.2019 (M. P.) and Writ Appeal No. 378 of 2018 decided on 7.9.2021 (M. P.) referred to. [Paras 4 & 5
JUDGMENT
M. R. Shah, J.
Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment and order dated 09.05.2017 passed by the Division Bench of the High Court of Madhya Pradesh, Principal Seat at Jabalpur in Writ Appeal No. 667/2016, by which the High Court has dismissed the said appeal, original writ petitioner - appellant herein has preferred the present appeal.
2. The appellant herein was serving as a teacher. The dispute arose with respect to the age of superannuation/retirement, namely, whether, the appellant-teacher is entitled to get the benefits of enhanced age of superannuating of 65 years at par with his counterpart teachers serving in Government Colleges and Universities.
2.1 The appellant was serving in 100% government aided private educational institution. At the relevant time, the Full Bench of the High Court of Madhya Pradesh in the case of Dr. S.C. Jain Vs. State of Madhya Pradesh and others (W.A. No. 950/2015) took the view that the teachers serving in the aided private educational institutions are not entitled to get the benefit of enhanced age of superannuation of 65 years. The appellant and others filed Writ Appeals before the High Court which came to be dismissed, relying upon the case of Dr. S.C. Jain (supra). However, subsequently the decision of the Full Bench of the High Court in the case of Dr. S.C. Jain (supra) has been set aside by this Court vide judgment and order dated 07.05.2019 in C.A. No. 4675-4676 of 2019 in the case of Dr. R.S. Sohane vs. State of M.P. & others, (2019) 16 SCC 796, and it is held that the teachers like the appellant are entitled to get the benefit of enhanced age of superannuation of 65 years. The parties to the aforesaid appeals filed M.A. Nos. 1838-1839 of 2019 with I.A. No. 119950 of 2019 before this Court claiming the payment of outstanding salaries for the intervening period. This Court disposed of the aforesaid interlocutory application and clarified that they can approach the High Court for redressal of their grievances with regard to the payment of outstanding salaries of intervening period. As observed hereinabove, the appeal preferred by the appellant before the High Court has been dismissed by the Division Bench of the High Court relying upon the decision of Full Court in the case of Dr. S.C. Jain (supra), which has subsequently been set aside by this Court. Therefore, it is the case on behalf of the appellant that he shall be entitled to continue up to enhanced age of superannuation i.e., 65 years and shall be entitled to all the monetary benefits as if, he would have been continued up to the age of 65 years.
2.2 Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant has heavily relied upon the subsequent decision of the Division Bench of the High Court dated 29.11.2019 passed in Writ Appeal No. 1857/2019 filed by a similarly situated teacher of a government aided private college by which the Division Bench of the High Court has condoned 1227 days of delay in filing intra-court appeal and has held him entitled for superannuation with all consequential and monetary benefits including arrears of salaries and allowances of the intervening period, by following the law laid down by this Court in the case of Dr. R.S. Sohane (supra).
2.3 Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant has also relied upon the common judgment and order dated 07.09.2021 passed by the Division Bench of the High Court in Writ Appeal No. 378/2018 and other allied appeals, by which, after the review applications were allowed, the aforesaid writ appeals were restored to the file and the Division Bench of the High Court has directed the State to pay all the consequential and monetary benefits to all similarly situated teachers and assistant professors for the intervening period between 62 years and 65 years of age. It is submitted that all similarly situated teachers are therefore, paid all consequential and monetary benefits for the period between 62 years and 65 years of age, as if they would ha
The court emphasized that the applicability of government orders with retrospective effect and the re-appointment of superannuated individuals are within the executive domain and cannot be directed b....
The enhancement of retirement age is a policy matter for the State Government and is not automatically applicable to all educational institutions under its governance without amendments to respective....
The age of superannuation is governed by the specific bylaws of an institution, dictated by policy decisions of the State government.
The Court held that the enhancement of age of superannuation to 62 years is a policy decision of the State Government and does not automatically apply to employees governed by independent Bye-laws.
Court cannot exercise power akin to Article 142 of the Constitution of India in the face of the express provisions and in violation of the law.
The applicability of government orders on superannuation age is limited to government and aided educational institutions, not private schools.
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