SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
Dr. D.Y. Chandrachud, Aniruddha Bose, JJ.
Smruti Tukaram Badade – Appellant
Versus
The State of Maharashtra & Anr. – Respondents
Miscellaneous Application No. 1852 of 2019 in Crl.A. No. 1101 of 2019
Decided On : 08-04-2022
Vulnerable Witnesses Deposition Centres - Model Guidelines - The court accepted the use of VWDCs for recording the evidence of vulnerable witnesses in cases across all jurisdictions, including criminal cases, civil jurisdictions, family courts, juvenile justice boards, and Childrens' courts. The court also allowed the Committee to create a training module and engage experts internationally and within India for the purpose of training.
Fact of the Case:
The court received reports and submissions regarding the establishment of Vulnerable Witnesses Deposition Centres (VWDCs) and the comprehensive Model Guidelines for VWDCs.
Finding of the Court:
The court accepted the use of VWDCs for recording the evidence of vulnerable witnesses in various jurisdictions and allowed the Committee to proceed with the creation of a training module and engagement of experts.
Issues: Establishment of VWDCs, Model Guidelines for VWDCs, Training module creation, Engagement of experts
Ratio Decidendi: The court's decision was influenced by the need to provide a uniform national model for the implementation of VWDCs and to ensure the recording of evidence of vulnerable witnesses in various jurisdictions.
Final Decision: The court disposed of the office report and directed High Courts to file compliance reports within four weeks.
ORDER
1. Two reports have been submitted before this Court by Hon'ble Ms Justice Gita Mitta, former Chief Justice of the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir dated 14 March 2022. The Court has had the occasion to hear the submissions of Ms Vibha Datta Makhija, amicus curiae and Ms Aditi Choudhary, Registrar (Vigilance) of the High Court of Delhi who is coordinating the work of the Committee chaired by Justice Gita Mittal.
2. On 11 March 2022, comprehensive Model Guidelines for Vulnerable Witnesses Deposition Centres[1] have been circulated to all the Chief Justices of the High Courts. We would request the High Courts to respond to the Guidelines on or before 20 May 2022 so that the suggestions which are forthcoming may be factored in by the Chairperson of the Committee before finalizing the Guidelines. Once the suggestions of the High courts are duly factored in, the Guidelines can provide a uniform national model for implementation.
[1] "VWDC
3. The use of VWDCs should, in addition to criminal cases, be allowed for other jurisdictions, including, civil jurisdictions, family courts, juvenile justice boards and Childrens' courts. Permission should be granted for recording the evidence of vulnerable witnesses in cases across all jurisdictions. This suggestion in the report is appropriate and is accepted.
4. A prototype containing drawings and guidelines for VWDCs has been prepared under the auspices of the Committee. The document has been forwarded to the High Courts so that it can be borne in mind either where fresh construction is carried out or a modification in the existing set up is required for establishing VWDCs.
5. The Committee is in the process of creating a training module. We allow the Committee to chalk out a training module which may be placed before this Court. Ms Vibha Datta Makhija and Ms Aditi Choudhary have both joined in stating that for the purpose of training it may be necessary to engage experts internationally and within India. In the event that it becomes necessary to avail of any experts outside the country, the Committee may do so on a video conferencing platform presently.
6. The Chairperson of the Committee is also requested to keep the Secretary in the Union Ministry of Women and Child Development apprised of the work which is being carried out under the auspices of the Committee.
7. A copy of the status reports which have been filed by various High Courts shall be shared by the Registry both with the amicus curiae and with the Chairperson of the Committee.
8. The High Courts which have not file compliance reports shall do so within a period of four weeks.
9. The office report is disposed of.
The court emphasized the importance of establishing VWDCs and creating comprehensive guidelines for the recording of evidence of vulnerable witnesses in various jurisdictions.
The main legal point established in the judgment is the importance of creating a safe and barrier-free environment for recording the evidence of vulnerable witnesses and issuing directions for the ad....
The court upheld the use of video-conferencing for vulnerable witnesses, emphasizing that it does not infringe on the accused's right to a fair trial while addressing the unique challenges faced by f....
The Ministry of Women and Child Development has the responsibility to coordinate with the Committee appointed by the Court, specifically concerning vulnerable witnesses who are women and children.
The court affirmed that video conferencing for witness testimony must comply with both High Court rules and mutual legal assistance guidelines, ensuring the witness's identity is verified.
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