SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
HIMA KOHLI, RAJESH BINDAL, JJ.
Pradip Sahu – Appellant
Versus
The State of Assam – Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 2864 of 2023, Petition for Special Leave to Appeal (Criminal) No. 4876 of 2022
WITH
Sri Mohan Jena – Appellant
Versus
The State of Assam – Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 2865 of 2023, Petition for Special Leave to Appeal (Criminal) No. 4501 of 2022
Decided On : 24-08-2023
Bail Application - Misuse of Process of Law - The court considered the misuse of the process of law by the appellant in filing multiple bail applications for the same case and set aside the directions issued by the High Court to initiate legal action against the appellant.
Fact of the Case:
The appellant filed multiple bail applications for the same case, one before the High Court and another before the Sub-Divisional Judicial Magistrate, leading to the High Court's direction to initiate legal action against the appellant.
Finding of the Court:
The court set aside the directions issued by the High Court to initiate legal action against the appellant, considering the appellant's belonging to the Tea Tribe community, his lack of understanding of the legal procedures, and the unqualified apology tendered by the appellant.
Issues: Misuse of process of law, multiple bail applications for the same case, appropriate legal action against the appellant
Ratio Decidendi: The court considered the appellant's lack of understanding of legal procedures and his belonging to the Tea Tribe community, and set aside the directions to initiate legal action against the appellant.
Final Decision: The appeal is disposed of while cautioning the appellant to be careful in the future, and pending applications, if any, are also disposed of.
ORDER :
1. Leave granted.
2. The appellant is aggrieved by an order dated 17th December, 2021, passed by the Gauhati High Court on an application filed by him1 [under Section 439 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 for short ‘the Cr.P.C.’] seeking regular bail in Sootia Excise Circle Case No. 181/2021-222 [registered under Section 53(1)(a) of the Assam Excise (Amendment) Act, 2018]. The High Court has expressed a view that appropriate legal action ought to be initiated against the appellant and those who had tried to misuse the process of law by filing application for bail in two different fora in respect of the very same crime.
3. It may be noted as a background that a bail application was filed by the appellant before the learned Sub Divisional Judicial Magistrate, Biswanath Chariali on 27th October, 2021 in connection with the same case which was rejected.
4. The first bail application moved by the appellant before the High Court was dismissed.3 [on 11th November, 2021] In the second bail application moved by the appellant4 [on 24th November, 2021] notice was issued and the High Court had called for the records on 30th November, 2021.
5. On 01st December, 2021, without awaiting the outcome of the pending application for bail moved by the appellant before the High Court, another application seeking the same relief was moved on his behalf before the learned Sub-Divisional Judicial Magistrate, Vishwanath Chariali.
6. The application for bail on 01st December, 2021 was allowed on the same day by the trial Court.5 [as per the impugned order the bail was granted on 06.12.2021]. All these factors came to the knowledge of the High Court only on 08th December, 2021, when a report was received from the Registrar (Judicial) who was directed to conduct an inquiry into the matter. This was followed by passing of the impugned order.
7. Learned counsel for the appellant submits that the appellant belongs to the Tea Tribe community in Assam and lives in a village where he ekes out a living as a cycle mechanic and his brother who was his pairokar, runs a small shop in the village. He submits that while the appellant was in custody, it was his brother who was pursuing the matter on his behalf and due to a bona fide lack of understanding of the procedures involved, he moved another application for bail on behalf of the appellant without realizing that earlier thereto, an application filed by him for the same relief was still pending before the High Court.
8. Having regard to the unqualified apology tendered by the appellant for the aforesaid conduct, and in view of the explanation offered, it is deemed appropriate to set aside the directions issued by the High Court in the impugned judgment, calling upon the Registrar (Judicial) to file an appropriate FIR/complaint against the appellant in the matter.
9. The appeal is disposed of while cautioning the appellant to be very careful in future. Pending applications, if any, are also disposed of.
The High Court has the authority to grant bail under Section 389(2) despite prior denials by subordinate courts, maintaining concurrent jurisdiction to enhance access to justice.
Bail – Filing of fresh bail application, once an earlier bail application has been rejected or if granted and thereafter cancelled is a matter of right – Solely on the ground that Apex Court had not ....
Bail – Filing of fresh bail application, once an earlier bail application has been rejected or if granted and thereafter cancelled is a matter of right – Solely on the ground that Apex Court had not ....
Prolonged incarceration justifies reconsideration of bail applications; prior rejections do not prevent courts from reevaluating bail based on changed circumstances.
The petitioner can file an application for early listing of the bail application before the High Court, and the High Court is urged to dispose of the bail application expeditiously.
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