Central Bureau Of Investigation vs Surendra Patwa

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2025 Supreme(SC) 715

M. M. SUNDRESH, RAJESH BINDAL
Central Bureau Of Investigation – Appellant
Versus
Surendra Patwa – Respondent

Advocates appeared:
For the Petitioner(s): Mr. Sanjay Kapur, AOR Mr. Surya Prakash, Adv. Mr. Devesh Dubey, Adv. Ms. Shubhra Kapur, Adv. Ms. Divya Singh Pundir, Adv. Mr. Arjun Bhatia, Adv. Mr. Annu Mishra, Adv. Mr. Tushar Mehta, Solicitor General Mrs. Aishwarya Bhati, A.S.G. Mr. Vikramjeet Banerjee, A.S.G. Mr. Suryaprakash V Raju, A.S.G. Mr. Nachiketa Joshi, Sr. Adv. Mr. Kritagya Kumar Kait, Adv. Mr. Gaurang Bhushan, Adv. Mr. Mukesh Kumar Maroria, AOR Mr. Amit Sharma Ii, Adv. Mr. Samrat Goswami, Adv. Ms. Gayatri Mishra, Adv. Mr. Vivek Gurnani, Adv. Mr. Saurabh Pandey, Adv. Mr. Zoheb Hussain, Adv. Mr. Sabarish Subramanyam, Adv. Mr. Madhav Sinhal, Adv. Mr. Annam Venkatesh, Adv. Mr. Suyash Pandey, Adv. Mr. B K Satija, Adv. Mr. Kanu Agarwal, Adv. Mr. Rajesh Kumar Gautam, AOR
For the Respondent(s): Mr. Gaurav Agarwal, Sr. Adv. Mr. Abhishek Salian, Adv. Ms. Samridhi S. Jain, AOR Mr. Chaitanya Dixit, Adv. Mr. Manan Daga, Adv. Mr. Chritarth Palli , AOR Ms. Misha Rohatgi, AOR Mr. Mahesh Agarwal, Adv. Mr. Rishi Agrawala, Adv. Mr. Ankur Saigal, Adv. Mr. Rohan Talwar, Adv. Mr. Shashwat Singh, Adv. Ms. Nidhi Sri, Adv. Mr. E. C. Agrawala, AOR Mr. Aditya Dewan, Adv. Ms. Sowmya Saikumar, Adv. Ms. Himangini Mehta, Adv. Ms. Udita Singh, AOR Mr. Karan Nehra, Adv. Mr. Abhay Josan, Adv. Mr. Amol Chitravanshi, AOR Mr. Krishan Kumar, AOR Mr. Nitin Pal, Adv. Mr. Seemant K Garg, Adv. Mr. Anand Chibbar, Sr. Adv. Mr. M. K. Ghosh, Adv. Ms. Tina Garg, AOR Mr. Amrendra Kumar Mehta, AOR Ms. Gunjan Kumari, Adv. Ms. Anita Mahapatra, Adv. M/S. Pba Legal, AOR Mr. Siddharth R Gupta, Adv. Mr. Aman Agarwal, Adv. Mr. Mrigank Prabhakar, AOR Mr. Uddaish Palya, Adv. Ms. Vidisha Raman, Adv. Mr. Siddharth Sahu, Adv. Ms. Sakshi Banga, Adv. Mr. Mudit Maheshwari, Adv. Mr. Raghav Raj Singh, Adv. Mr. S. Nagamuthu, Sr. Adv. Mr. Siddhartha Dave, Sr. Adv. Ms. Neeha Nagpal, Adv. Mr. Malak Manish Bhatt, AOR Mr. Vishvendra Tomar, Adv. Mr. Kailash Ram, Adv. Mr. Rajesh Kumar Gautam, AOR Mr. Krishna Dev Jagarlamudi, AOR Mr. Vijay Aggarwal, Adv. Mr. Vishal Gaurav, Adv. Mr. Rhythm Aggarwal, Adv. Mr. Somesh Chandra Jha, AOR Mr. Sanjay Kapur, AOR Mr. Surya Prakash, Adv. Mr. Devesh Dubey, Adv. Ms. Divya Singh Pundir, Adv. Ms. Shubhra Kapur, Adv. Mr. Arjun Bhatia, Adv. Mr. Annu Mishra, Adv. Mr. Kausar Raza Faridi, AOR Mr. Ramesh Babu M. R., AOR Ms. Neha Mehta Satija, AOR Ms. Praveena Gautam, AOR Mr. Pawan Shukla, Adv. Ms. Tissy Annie Thomas, Adv. Mr. Arun Aggarwal, AOR Ms. Anshika Agarwal, Adv. Mr. Mohit Saini, Adv. Mr. Shivam Saini, Adv. Mr. Aman Singh, Adv. Mr. Gyanesh Tiwary, Adv. Mrs. V. D. Khanna, AOR Mr. Anupam Kishore Sinha, AOR Mr. Avinash Kumar Sharma, Adv. Mr. Rishesh Sikarwar, Adv. Mr. Pradeep Kumar Tiwari, Adv. Mr. Sahitya Srivastava, Adv. Mr. Apoorv Jha, Adv. Mr. Satyanand Kumar, Adv. Ms. Aagam Kaur, AOR

JUDGMENT

M. M. Sundresh, J.

1. Leave granted.

2. The Reserve Bank of India (hereinafter referred to as the “RBI”) issued the Master Directions on Frauds – Classification and Reporting by commercial banks and select FIs, dated 01.07.2016 (hereinafter referred to as “Master Directions”). The Master Directions had been formulated with the objective of providing a framework for banks, to enable early detection and reporting of frauds, and consequently taking actions in a timely manner. In view of the same, the Appellant-Banks initiated administrative actions that affected the respondents, by declaring the companies’ bank accounts as fraudulent - an action which had significant civil consequences delineated in the Master Directions. The Appellant-Banks also initiated criminal proceedings against the respondents, with respect to fraudulent activity that was detected, as the Master Directions require the Banks to refer certain categories of cases to the State Police or the Central Bureau of Investigation (hereinafter referred to as “CBI”), as a general rule. Aggrieved by the same, the respondents approached different jurisdictional High Courts, challenging the validity of the Master Directio

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2025 Supreme(SC) 715

M. M. SUNDRESH, RAJESH BINDALCentral Bureau Of Investigation – AppellantVersusSurendra Patwa – Respondent

Cases Referred (2)

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M. M. SUNDRESH, RAJESH BINDAL
Central Bureau Of Investigation – Appellant
Versus
Surendra Patwa – Respondent