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2025 Supreme(SC) 806

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
Bela M. Trivedi, Prasanna B. Varale, JJ.
Parshottam Shantilal Chaddarwalaa – Appellant
Versus
The State of Gujarat & Anr. – Respondents
Criminal Appeal No(s). 838 of 2011
Decided On : 13-05-2025

Advocates appeared:
For the Appellant(s) : Mr. Huzefa A. Ahmadi, Sr. Adv. Mr. Ejaz Maqbool, AOR
For the Respondent(s):Ms. Deepanwita Priyanka, Adv. Ms. Swati Ghildiyal, AOR

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 192, 193, 196, 204, 209, 406, 420, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 471, 473, 474, 499, 500, 120-B, 114 - Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Sections 195 and 340 - Criminal appeal against dismissal of Special Criminal Application alleging forgery and conspiracy in civil suit - High Court held tampering with court records after withdrawal of suit does not constitute offences under Section 195 since the suit was no longer pending - Bar of Section 195 does not apply as the records were not in custodia legis. (Paras 10-18)

Facts of the case:
The appellant allegedly tampered with court records post withdrawal of a civil suit and allowed execution of a fabricated decree. The FIR was attacked due to the lack of complaint from the Presiding Officer as per Section 195 of CrPC.

Findings of Court:
The Court ruled that no proceeding existed post withdrawal of the civil suit, thereby allowing for cognizance of the alleged offences.

Issues: The main issue addressed was whether the FIR and subsequent cognizance were valid given the withdrawal of the civil suit.

Ratio Decidendi: The Court concluded that the offence of tampering did not affect the administration of justice since the civil suit had been withdrawn, thus Section 195 was inapplicable.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. factual background of the case. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. arguments presented by both parties. (Para 6 , 7 , 8)
3. court's observations about the case. (Para 9 , 10 , 12)
4. court analysis on section 195 crpc. (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)
5. final conclusion of the judgment. (Para 18 , 19)

JUDGMENT :

PRASANNA B. VARALE, J.

1. The present criminal appeal arises out of a judgment and order dated October 7, 2009 passed by the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad rendered in Special Criminal Application No. 1690 of 2009, whereby the High Court dismissed the Special Criminal Application filed by the Petitioner herein.

BRIEF FACTS

2. The factual matrix of the case is that the respondent no.2 herein who, at the relevant time, was the Incharge Registrar, District Court, Bharuch, lodged a First Information Report (hereinafter, ‘FIR’) before the Bharuch City 'A' Division Police Station on 28th July, 2005 against the petitioner herein as well as two other accused persons alleging commission of the offences punishable under Sections 192 , 193, 196, 204, 209, 406, 420, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 471, 473, 474, 499, 500, 120-B and 114 of the INDIAN PENAL CODE , 1860 (hereinafter ‘IPC’) which came to be registered vide I-C.R. No.170 of 2005. The allegation in the FIR is to the effect that on 27th March, 2003, the petitioner herein had instituted Special Civil Suit No.79 of 2003 in the capacity of power of attorney holder of the partners of a partnership firm namely, Narmada Finvest in the Court of the Principal Senior Civil Judge, Bharuch for recovery of Rs.5,45,052/- against one Kamlesh Kantilal Patel. The said firm consisted of one Jagjivan Shantilal Dalal, Pashiben Parsottam Chaddarwala and Viren Parsottam Chaddarwala as its partners. An application came to be made in the said suit proceedings seeking an order of attachment before judgment on which notice came to be issued. During the proceedings of the said suit, an out of court settlement was arrived at between the petitioner and the defendant of the suit namely, Kamlesh Kantilal Patel on 28th March, 2003 according to which the brother of the defendant Laksheshbhai Patel had undertaken to pay Rs.2,25,000/- towards settlement of the dispute. The said Laksheshbhai Patel handed over 15 cheques of Rs. 15,000/- each to the petitioner which were payable on the first day of each month with effect from 01st May. 2003. In view of the settlement dated 28th March, 2003 arrived at between the parties to the suit, on 02nd April, 2003, the petitioner tendered a withdrawal pursis seeking permission to withdraw the suit unconditionally. On the basis of the said application, the Trial Court made an endorsement on the last page of the plaint, and also on the application for interim injunction to the effect that the suit is withdrawn unconditionally. However, at the time of withdrawal of the suit, the deed of settlement was not produced in writing before the Court. As the suit was sought to be withdrawn unconditionally, as per the Rules, no decree was drawn and entry to that effect was made in the Rojkam. In view of the withdrawal of the suit, as per the provisions of the Civil Courts Manual, the documents of Special Civil Suit No.79 of 2003 were divided into four files viz. A, B, C and D and thereafter, the said files were despatched vide Outward Register No.215 of 2004 to the Record Office of the District Court, Bharuch on 04th May, 2004. The record of Special Civil Suit was thereafter lying in the custody of the co-accused Deputy Registrar-cum-Record Keeper, District Court, Bharuch.

3. The cheques which were handed over by Laksheshbhai Patel to the petitioner herein were presented for realisation and some of the cheques came to be dishonoured. The petitioner, therefore, instituted several complaints against the said Laksheshbhai under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 which later on came to be withdrawn by the petitioner. In the aforesaid FIR by respondent no.2 herein, it is al

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