SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
B.V. NAGARATHNA AND SATISH CHANDRA SHARMA, JJ.
K. Balaji – Appellant
Versus
State rep. By the Inspector of police – Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 1157 of 2018
Decided on : 30-01-2025
| Table of Content |
|---|
| 1. overview of charges and initial convictions. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5) |
| 2. arguments regarding incorrect framing and proof of charges. (Para 7 , 8 , 9) |
| 3. court's analysis of charges under ipc and sentencing. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14) |
| 4. conclusion on appeal and modification of sentence. (Para 15 , 16) |
ORDER :
1. Being aggrieved by the judgment and order dated 21.12.2016 passed by the Madras High Court in Criminal Appeal No.607/2009 modifying the sentence awarded under Section 392 read with Section 397 of the INDIAN PENAL CODE , 1860 ("IPC") and affirming the remaining sentences awarded by the Trial Court, the appellant is before this Court.
2. In Sessions Case No.77/2009 on the file of the learned Special Judge, Special Court for Bomb Blast Cases, Coimbatore, the appellant being the sole accused was charged for the offences under Sections 341 , 392 read with 397, and 506 (ii) of the IPC. The Trial Court by its judgment dated 16.09.2009 convicted the appellant/accused for the offences under Sections 341 , 392 read with 397, and 506 (ii) of the IPC and sentenced him (i) to undergo simple imprisonment for 15 days and imposed a fine of Rs.250/- and in default of payment of fine, further 7 days of imprisonment for the offence under Section 341 IPC; (ii) undergo rigorous imprisonment for 8 years, with a fine of Rs.5,000/-and in default of payment of fine, simple imprisonment of 3 months for the offence under Section 392 of the IPC read with Section 397 of the IPC; and (iii) to undergo rigorous imprisonment for one year with a fine of Rs.1000/- and in default of payment of the fine, one month simple imprisonment for the offence under Section 506 (ii) of the IPC. It was ordered that the accused has to undergo the punishment concurrently.
3. The appellant/accused being aggrieved by the judgment of conviction and sentence imposed by the Trial Court, preferred Criminal Appeal No.607/2009 before the High Court.
4. The High Court partly allowed the appeal and while confirming the conviction, imposed a sentence of seven years under Section 392 read with Section 397 of the IPC, instead of eight years as imposed by the Trial Court. Consequently, the appellant has completed about four years and eight months in jail.
5. Thereafter, by interim order dated 19.02.2021, this Court granted bail to the appellant subject to certain terms and conditions.
6. We have heard learned counsel appearing for the appellant and learned counsel for respondent/State and perused the material on record.
7. During the course of submissions, appellant's counsel drew our attention to the fact that the framing of charge under Section 397 of the IPC was erroneous inasmuch as the knife which was recovered from the appellant/accused was not at all a deadly weapon. Alternatively, it was contended that it was a small knife and there is no proof of the fact that the said knife was a deadly weapon. Consequently, Section 397 of the IPC could not have been invoked as against the appellant herein. Elaborating on the said submission, learned counsel for the appellant contended that PW1 and PW2, who are stated to be the victims, have not adverted to any injury suffered by them during the course of the incident. In the circumstances, the charge against the appellant under Section 397 of the IPC would not arise at all and even otherwise the prosecution has failed to prove the case under Section 397 of the IPC. Hence the punishment imposed on the appellant by the Trial Court as well as the reduced sentence by the High Court is incorrect.
8. Learned counsel for the appellant further submitted that the punishment imposed under Section 392 of the IPC for robbery states that the said punishment could extend upto ten years. The appellant has already completed about four years and eight months of incarceration. In the circumstances, the impugned judgment(s) may be modified by allowing this appeal by holding that offence under Section 392 of the IPC has been prove
The court clarified that for conviction under Section 397 IPC, the prosecution must prove grievous injury and involvement of five persons, which was not established in this case.
Brandishing a weapon during a robbery qualifies as 'using' it under Section 397 IPC, justifying charges even without weapon recovery; the fear instilled in victims is paramount.
Use of weapon to constitute offence under Section 397 IPC does not require that ‘offender’ should actually fire from firearm or actually stab if it is a knife or a dagger but mere exhibition of same,....
The main legal point established in the judgment is that for the offence under Section 397 IPC, the victim must have noticed the deadly weapon used by the offender to establish the element of 'use of....
The mere exhibition of a knife threatens a victim, sufficing to establish an offence under Section 397 IPC.
Conviction under Section 397 of IPC requires evidence of a deadly weapon; court held that evidence sufficed for conviction under Section 392 instead.
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